中国共产党对宗教信仰自由政策的探索历程

党的宗教信仰自由政策是在土地革命时期初步形成,抗日战争时期逐步成熟,建国初期全面发展,新时期系统完善的.土地革命时期的宗教政策具有限制"信教自由"的特点;抗日战争时期具有统战性的特点;建国初期比较突出地体现了管理的特点;新时期以来则更多地体现出相适应的特点.     

金黄色葡萄球菌黏附素FnBPB-ClFA共表达质粒的构建与原核表达

采用PCR方法对编码金黄色葡萄球菌纤黏蛋白B的D区和纤黏蛋白原凝集素A的A区基因片段进行了特异性扩增,并通过重叠延伸PCR扩增了FnBPB-ClFA串联基因,构建了克隆质粒pMD19-FnB-PB-ClFA。将该基因片段定向插入到原核表达载体pET-32a(+)中,构建了表达质粒pET-FnBPB-ClFA,并将其转入宿主菌BL21(DE3)。SDS-PAGE分析表明,在1mmol/L IPTG诱导下,在51ku处出现了与目的蛋白一致的外源蛋白带。Western-blot分析表明,所表达的蛋白与目的蛋白一致。上述结果表明,该融合基因在原核细胞中成功表达。     

Trade Measures and Climate Compliance: Institutional Interplay Between WTO and the Marrakesh Accords

This article examines the potential of trade measures to induce more climate-friendly policies, focusing on the relationship between global trade rules and the Kyoto climate regime. At the core of this interplay is the normative consistency of trade-related rules in the two regimes and any hierarchical relationship between them. The stronger clout of the WTO and its compulsory dispute settlement system suggest that issues involving competing claims would be referred to WTO bodies. Such bodies have so far been restrictive regarding the exceptions in WTO agreements to the general ban on embargoes and discrimination. The normative compatibility of the two regimes will also depend on their participatory interplay, specifically how they differentiate groups of actors as to rights and obligations. Non-members of WTO receive the least protection, and their vulnerability to climate-related trade measures is largely determined by their interdependence with states that consider employment of such measures. Among WTO members, the findings of a dispute settlement body would presumably differ depending on the status of the target under the Kyoto Protocol. A non-complier with Kyoto commitments would be more shielded than a non-party, because by joining the Kyoto regime a non-complier has exposed itself to regime-internal and less trade intrusive measures that should be exhausted first. A third dimension of interplay is linkage, or efforts to influence the regime interplay. To date there has only been moderate cross-agency coordination, but considerable attention is paid within each regime, including in the Millennium Round of trade negotiations, to the desirability of avoiding conflict between them.     

Data Protection: An Opening Door?

Swedish public law has incorporated a general rule of public access to documents, and to information in the wider sense, since the Freedom of the Press Act of 1766. On the Community level, the relationship between Regulation (EC) 45/2001 on data protection and Regulation (EC) 1049/2001 on public access to documents exemplifies the tension between the public's interest in scrutinising the administration carried on in its name, and the integrity of the individual. However, a similar tension exists between Sweden's Personal Data Act of 1998, implementing Directive 95/46, and the Freedom of the Press Act. A misuse model of data protection law, by seeking to concentrate on serious rather than technical infringements of privacy, might serve to ease the tension. The views expressed in this article are solely those of the author and are not attributable to any Community institution. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

检测青霉素过敏性休克机体血中IgE类抗体

采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法,检测青霉素过敏性休克豚鼠体内的IgE类抗体。结果显示:休克组血清中总IgE的量明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。用青霉噻唑蛋白(Penicilloylated Protein)作包被抗原,检测特异性IgE,以阴性参考血清的平均光密度加3个标准差作为阳性判断标准,发现过敏性休克动物血清中特异性IgE均呈阳性反应。本研究还发现:休克组动物在休克前、后特异性IgE间的差异具有高度显著性(P<0.01),虽然休克后特异性IgE略下降,但仍明显高于阳性标准。本研究认为:IgE量的变化与发生过敏性休克的关系应是:体内IgE升高并不必然导致过敏性休克,但过敏性休克的发生甚至导致死亡,应是IgE,特别是特异性IgE出现和升高的结果。     

从非营利组织看事业单位的改革

中国在推进事业单位改革的过程中开始提出和使用非营利组织的概念,正确看待非营利组织现状和在中国公益事业中的作用,让事业单位和民间非营利组织平等发展,甚至相互竞争来促进事业单位提高服务意识和服务质量。使公益性,非营利性得到真正体现,并让改革的成果惠及全体人民。     

气候变化的国际法发展:从温室效应理论到《联合国气候变化框架公约》

本文考察了温室效应理论对缔结《联合国气候变化框架公约》的决定性影响 ,并对《联合国气候变化框架公约》的基本法律原则 (规则 )及其对国际环境立法的贡献进行了述评。     

创造国际直接投资新环境开拓中俄经贸合作新局面

中俄两国经贸关系走上了正常发展的轨道,相互投资成为深化两国经济关系的重要内容。国际直接投资是突破贸易壁垒、进入一国市场的重要手段,也是稳定中俄经济关系的根本基础。中俄相互投资存在经济转轨尚未完全实现、法律法规不健全、缺乏有效的筹资渠道、沟通渠道不畅等制度性和基础性障碍。为促进中俄两国相互投资健康、快速发展,应在签定双边投资协定、建立中俄商业协会、开辟投资融资途径、相互建立工业园区以及举办投资洽谈会等方面构建相互投资的宏观环境。     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环病毒2型共感染对猪外周血天然免疫细胞含量的影响

将猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)单感染和共感染的6周龄仔猪,于感染前和感染后第3、7和10 d,采用血常规法、SWC3a单色流式细胞术以及CD3/CD4/CD8三色流式细胞术分析了感染猪外周血中白细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、NK细胞、γδT细胞的含量。结果,感染后第3 d和第7 d,PRRSV感染组、PCV2感染组以及PRRSV+PCV2共感染组猪的白细胞、单核细胞、粒细胞、NK细胞、γδT细胞总数显著下降,并且共感染组比单感染组下降更加严重。结果表明,PRRSV+PCV2共感染对仔猪外周血天然免疫细胞的影响具有协同效应,意味着在感染早期可导致更加严重的先天免疫抑制。     

基于X-射线衍射法检测甲基苯丙胺晶体并推断来源

目的采用X-射线衍射法(XRD)建立一种快速检测甲基苯丙胺晶体并推断其来源的方法。方法对18起案件中的53份甲基苯丙胺样本进行XRD检验。结果通过分析主要特征峰强度比例,可以得到毒品的定性分析结果,以及样本的晶型取向信息;通过分析XRD谱图中毒品的特征峰半峰宽信息可以得到毒品的结晶度;对样本中明显的杂质峰进行比对,即可得到毒品来源信息参考。结论该方法简便快捷、无损样本、无污染,能够快速、准确、高效地分析结晶状毒品,为确定制贩毒集团上下线及涉毒案件串并案提供佐证。