Occupational safety and health of factory workers in European countries in the nineteenth century: historical and legal analysis

ABSTRACT

Historical and legal analysis of factory workers’ occupational safety and health in Europe in the nineteenth century has been carried out. In particular, the main causes of industrial injury and occupational diseases among factory workers of those times were analyzed and classified. The main negative consequences of child labor in factories are determined. The distribution of industrial injury and occupational diseases by age group is shown. The influence of labor conditions at the factories on the health of the descendants of factory workers of those times was analyzed. The features of the organization of control over compliance with the safety requirements of workers’ health are highlighted. The issues of introduction of legal regulation of factory workers’ safety and health, as well as child labor regulation (i.e. working hours limits and working conditions regulation) in factories, are analyzed. The issues of implementation of legislation that established compensations for factory workers in the event of industrial injury and occupational diseases of those times are analyzed.     

心理健康教育的价值

在我国开展心理健康教育研究应解决四个问题,即心理健康教育的功能、主体、过程和结果。心理健康教育对于家长、学校、家庭和社会都具有重要的意义。     

对劳动安全卫生立法的几点思考

面对当前严峻的安全生产形势 ,需要加强劳动安全卫生法制建设。为此 ,要在法规中强化劳动者的权利及用人单位的义务和责任 ;在法规中须贯彻体现“安全第一、预防为主”的方针 ;要坚持政府、用人单位、职工 (工会 )三方结合的工作体制。在立法中还要遵循科学性、实事求是及实践性的原则。     

深化建家建线必须正确处理"六个关系"

建家建线涵盖了工会各方面工作,是工会维护职工权益的重要方面.当前,建家建线应当结合实际,处理好六个方面的关系.     

烟草贸易的国际法控制：世界卫生组织与《控制烟草贸易框架公约》

2 0 0 3年 5月世界卫生组织的 192个成员国一致通过了《烟草控制框架公约》。烟草控制不仅是疾病控制问题 ,还涉及到贸易、科学技术交流、民间与国际合作、国内法与国际法等多方面的问题。《公约》确立了保护非吸烟者等弱势群体 ,加强政治保障等八项原则 ,采取了价格和非价格措施 ,要求各国进行信息披露 ,管制烟草制品成份、包装和标签、管制烟草制品的广告、促销和赞助。公约还要求各国通过教育、交流、培训促进公众的控烟公共意识 ,控制烟草需求。     

大学生心理健康教育探索

大学生的心理健康问题一直受到社会和学校的高度关注，作者从近年来从事大学生心理健康教育的实践出发，结合目前大学生心理健康现状，阐述了开展大学生心理健康教育的重要性和必要性，认为今后大学生心理健康教育工作要向预防和教育的模式转化，并介绍了自己在心理教育中的初步尝试。     

佛教伦理的现代意义——全球伦理视域下的考察

在建设全球伦理的漫长道路上，佛教伦理将起到重要作用。佛教伦理一直保持着与全球人类伦理共同拥有的价值观和道德意识与境界。佛教伦理已经具备了为全球伦理作出贡献的基础，并且可以提供重要的思想资源。当然佛教伦理思想和道德规范亦应继续保持自己的特色，而不是被全球伦理所淹没。     

论心理健康教育中的心理互助

心理互助是心理健康教育的重要形式。心理互助有利于充分满足人们的心理性需要和培养学生乐于助人的品格,有利于助人自助目标的实现和提高心理健康教育的实效以及有利于提高学生、教师、家长的心理素质。心理互助包括互助式心理训练、互助式心理激励、互助式心理辅导、互助式心理暗示和创设互助式心理环境等。     

监狱应重视民警的心理健康教育

调查显示,监狱民警心理不健康程度比社会上一般群体要高.这不仅与其工作条件、生活环境、物质待遇较差有关,也和监狱工作本身任务重、压力大、风险大等因素分不开.因此,在监狱民警中开展心理健康教育,是新时期监狱工作的需要,也是监狱机关体现从优待警的一项重要举措.     

Adolescent Women's Sports Involvement and Sexual Behavior/Health: A Process-Level Investigation

This multimethod study explored the promising link between organized sports involvement during the high school years and sexual behavior/health among 176 adolescent women. Using more sensitive and appropriate measures than those in existing studies and directed, in part, by cultural resource theory, this study helped to fill a gap in the literature by exploring potential mediators (i.e., functional body orientation and self-empowerment/efficacy) of that link. Results from the quantitative data indicated that adolescent women's involvement in organized team sports was favorably associated with each of the following: (a) sexual-risk-taking behavior, (b) sexual/reproductive health-seeking behavior, and (c) sexual/reproductive health. In addition, both functional body orientation and self-empowerment/efficacy emerged as mediators in the associations between sports involvement and sexual behavior/health among adolescent women. Content analysis of participant responses to open-ended items provided further confirmation of those mediating effects. Implications for the development of sports and community programs focused on the prevention of teenage pregnancy and STDs are discussed.