全球化时代的国际危机及中国的应对

全球化时代的到来加强了国际社会各行为主体之间的互动,从而使得全球性风险系数加大.新的时代背景呼唤新的安全理念,为了有效地应对危机的挑战,国际社会成员间的合作与沟通显得尤为重要.处于全球化时代背景下的中国,需要增强危机意识,在加强与国际社会合作的同时,尽快完善我国应对危机的制度建设和法律建设,提高危机应对能力,更好地维护中国的国家利益.     

The Social Construction of Illegality and Criminality

In this article illegal immigrants, a relatively new group of immigrants living at the margins of society, are discussed. The question of the significance of crime for groups that are officially excluded from the formal labour market and public provisions, is presented within the framework of the Unknown City research project, conducted in the four largest Dutch cities (interviews with illegal immigrants; an ethnographic study to determine the extent of support by various ethnic communities; and an examination of the ways in which the restrictive policies towards illegal immigrants were implemented by the police, the Aliens Departments, and by professionals within public or semi-public institutions in the fields of education, healthcare and housing). Both the relatively limited involvement in crime in general and the differences between groups can be explained by the embeddedness of illegal immigrants in the labour sphere and the support by ethnic communities. Attention is paid to the social and legal construction of the illegal immigrant through new legislation and to the observation that illegality is increasingly linked to crime. The majority of illegal immigrants are not criminally active. One exception is the category that is active in the lower levels of the hard drug trade. The authors' analysis suggests that the perception of the criminal illegal immigrant first and foremost reflects the division between wanted and unwanted immigrants, which is the result of the shift towards a restrictive policy.     

交往实践观:全球正义论的哲学视域

在新全球化语境中,全球治理追求"善治",使全球正义问题凸显,成为政治哲学面临的重大问题之一。新全球化时代成为全球正义发生的历史地平线;而交往实践观成为科学解读全球正义问题的政治哲学视域。全球正义是一种在全球化公共交往平台上的公正秩序,它既是社会交往结构的规范原则之一,也是建立在自由的多元主体交往基础上形成的公正规则,更是交往实践中合理性与合法性的统一。正义既要反映客观的交往结构规律性的状况,获得合理性;又要获得主体际共同价值取向的支持和认同,使之合法化。没有合理的合法性或没有合法的合理性,都不可能是正义的。     

Can non‐state global governance be legitimate? An analytical framework

In the absence of effective national and intergovernmental regulation to ameliorate global environmental and social problems, “private” alternatives have proliferated, including self‐regulation, corporate social responsibility, and public–private partnerships. Of the alternatives, “non‐state market driven” (NSMD) governance systems deserve greater attention because they offer the strongest regulation and potential to socially embed global markets. NSMD systems encourage compliance by recognizing and tracking, along the market’s supply chain, responsibly produced goods and services. They aim to establish “political legitimacy” whereby firms, social actors, and stakeholders are united into a community that accepts “shared rule as appropriate and justified.” Drawing inductively on evidence from a range of NSMD systems, and deductively on theories of institutions and learning, we develop an analytical framework and a preliminary set of causal propositions to explicate whether and how political legitimacy might be achieved. The framework corrects the existing literature’s inattention to the conditioning effects of global social structure, and its tendency to treat actor evaluations of NSMD systems as static and strategic. It identifies a three‐phase process through which NSMD systems might gain political legitimacy. It posits that a “logic of consequences” alone cannot explain actor evaluations: the explanation requires greater reference to a “logic of appropriateness” as systems progress through the phases. The framework aims to guide future empirical work to assess the potential of NSMD systems to socially embed global markets.     

国际非政府组织与国际法之“跨国立法”

随着全球化进程的加快和非政府组织等非国家行为体的兴起,国际法的立法模式也将发生变化。国际法立法模式正在由传统的“国家间立法”转向“国家间立法”与“跨国立法”并存的多元化立法模式。从全球治理的视角来看,作为国际秩序中与国家、国际政府组织并存的第三种力量,国际非政府组织是全球治理中的重要行为体,并在跨国立法中扮演着重要角色,其所从事的主要是事务性的立法和法律的编纂,制定的主要为国际软法,但却得到了普遍的认可和遵守。同时国际非政府组织还进一步推动和影响了国家间立法。     

四川省农村女性劳动力迁移流动现状的调查与分析

文章以四川省成都市农村女性劳动力迁移流动情况的抽样调查为基础，通过数据统计描述，归纳四川省农村女性劳动力迁移流动呈现的基本特征及其目前的弱势处境，提出应改革户籍管理制度，强化政府保护农村女性劳动力的职能，加强农村女性的教育和职业技能培训，全面提升农村女性劳动力素质，完善农村社会保障体系，从而促进四川省农村女性劳动力良性迁移流动。     

EUROSUR: saving lives or building borders?

This article analyses the origins and development of the European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR) in order to better understand its functioning in view of its stated objectives. Particular attention will be devoted to the European Commission’s recurring claim that one of EUROSUR’s main goals is to save lives at sea. This contribution questions that assertion. It rather considers EUROSUR as representative of the steady, technocratic development of a European system for border management. The reliance on the exchange of information, the reinforcement of FRONTEX, the European Union’s agency for the coordination of operational cooperation between national border guards and the emphasis on cooperation with third countries support this claim.     

Immigrant enfranchisement in Latin America: From strongmen to universal citizenship

In order to explain non-citizen enfranchisement in Latin America, this article takes into account three dimensions: domestic (citizenship tradition, immigration levels, internal politics), global (international and bilateral agreements, human rights discourse) and regional (common markets, diffusion, geopolitics). The article identifies two main modalities: from the early twentieth century to the 1980s, when democracy was not a necessary condition and when national factors prevailed. Starting in the 1990s, democratization in Latin America has brought a new wave of non-citizen enfranchisement, this time with more influence of global and regional factors and, in various cases, in connection with external voting rights.     

中国投资协议实体保护标准的自由化和多边化演进

与双边投资协议在全球范围内的爆炸式增长形成鲜明对比,国际投资保护领域的多边协定相对而言谈判进展缓慢并且较少受到关注.亚洲地区最近的多边投资协定,当属《东盟—中国投资协议》及《中日韩三方协定》.本文以中国签订的双边和多边投资协议为研究对象,考察国民待遇、最惠国待遇、公平和公正待遇、全面保护与安全、征收以及资本转移等主要实体保护标准的演进.《东盟—中国投资协议》与《中日韩三方协定》为外国投资者提供的实体保护标准,越发显示出更为自由的保护投资者的立场,这将有利于促进投资、改善投资相关规章制度的透明度、加强投资领域的多边合作,最终推动整个亚太地区的区域投资协定的签署以及投资法律体系的自由化和多边化发展.     

Global democracy in a society of peoples

This paper explores the political structures suitable for the realization of John Rawls’ The Law of Peoples (1999). In particular, it explores whether Rawls’ principles and fundamental foundations recommend establishing global institutions and, if so, whether, and in what sense, these institutions should be democratic. It is often suggested, either implicitly or explicitly, that The Law of Peoples would operate through the bilateral and multilateral interactions of, ideally conceived, nation-states. This paper argues, on the contrary, that it would advise a series of democratic global institutions. The case is developed with respect to the idea of a global institution with the remit of regulating international trade and applied, in the contemporary context, to the World Trade Organization (WTO).