从水资源短缺看政府对公共资源的管理

公共资源分为可再生资源和不可再生资源 ,可再生资源如果利用不当 ,有可能转化为不可再生资源。如果把公共资源的分配完全交由市场处理 ,其外部性则会导致资源的不可再生性 ,因此政府应该在公共资源的配置中发挥应有的作用。     

企业资本预算决策再分析——风险测量与规避

初始投资、年现金净流量、寿命期、基准贴现率等预测值,是投资决策分析的计算依据,而实践中投资活动充满了不确定性。应用敏感性分析,场景分析,盈亏平衡分析评估不确定因素对项目经济效果-净现值的影响,是防范各种不利状态下的风险与损失的有效方法。     

《民用危险物品安全管理》课程教学改革初探

《民用危险物品安全管理》课程教学改革应遵循的原则是:理论性与实践性相结合、科学性与思想性相结合、时代性与适时性相结合、培养专业思想与提高实践能力相结合。重视对现有教学方法的改革,注重课堂教学与社会实践相结合,静态教学与动态信息、典型案例分析相结合,重点内容与专题研究相结合,学习书本知识与提高基本技能相结合。     

“登记手册”与加工贸易活动中的走私犯罪案件侦查

登记手册一直是海关监管加工贸易的重要工具,但在实物流和资金流的流转过程中会引起经济行为的变化,甚至会引发经济犯罪。为遏止经济犯罪的发生和发展,行政部门必须强化行政监管,公安机关应加强业务培训,提高经侦民警发现和甄别经济犯罪的能力,并且要充分调动社会各界大胆检举揭发经济犯罪的积极性,从而为经济建设保驾护航,维护良好的市场经济秩序。     

Institutional design for credence goods: Can the existence of financial incentive be problematic? Evidences from childbirth system of Bangladesh

The introduction of an incentive system in order to increase the provision of credence goods such as health services can be problematic. This article identifies the possible magnitude of overtreatment by physicians in private clinics compared with the situation in government and nongovernment health facilities in Bangladesh. The five to ten times higher volume of cesarean childbirths in private clinics (higher incentive institutions) compared with the volume in government/NGOs health facilities (lower incentive institutions) is indicative of the problem of overtreatment. This problem may become acute where there is only one private clinic in an area; however, the mere increase in the number of private clinics may not solve the problem.     

公共物品供给与国内冲突的复发

根据新制度经济学理论,不同类型的公共物品供给是国家对国民接受现存政治秩序和纳税的回报。长期的政治和社会经济物品供给不妥或不足会导致国民的“怨恨”,破坏统治合法性,从而为反政府武装组织的动员和招募打开机会窗口,激发国内冲突。怨恨不会随着战争的结束而自动消失。对于普通士兵而言,怨恨是否会平息或化解取决于公共物品供给的变化。无论是原统治集团继续掌权,还是反叛集团取而代之,改善公共物品供给都是无法回避的问题,也是决定内战是否死灰复燃的关键因素。基于1947-2008年“武装冲突数据库”的“生存分析”支持了本文的基本假设,那就是公共物品供给显著地降低国内冲突复发的风险。经验研究还发现,战后和平建设主要是一个国内政治过程。国际战争、经济相互依存等国际因素会产生局部的显著影响,但作用并不大。国内政治物品的供给,尤其是政治参与和政治竞争对于冲突复发的遏制作用远比其他类型物品强。相对于经济物品,社会福利物品能够产生及时的作用,和平效果明显。此外,族群冲突的复发受制于更多类型的国内公共物品供给,因此较之非族群冲突,实现持久和平的机会更多,相对更容易化解。     

Engaging the reluctant taxpayer

Abstract

A commitment to political neutrality means that citizens have a legitimate complaint when the coercive power of the state is used to advance some particular conception of how it is good to live. In this paper I investigate how to address this complaint in the case of public funding for the arts. There are two promising ways to justify public arts spending. First, as Thomas Nagel argues, the arts are a source of intrinsic values and so command our respect. I reject this argument because intrinsic values are not automatically political values. Second, Ronald Dworkin argues that access to the arts is required to fully participate in social life. This argument draws a connection between the arts and citizenship and so fares better in establishing a political justification for the arts. However, Dworkin relies on the special value of high art relative to popular art, which undermines the neutrality of his argument. I show that a justification can be given that does not depend on the high value of the arts. I develop an account that shows how the arts can support just relations between citizens. This account is in keeping with a liberal commitment to neutrality.     

社会主义市场经济条件下治安防范产业化的新途径

在社会主义市场经济新形势下,研究治安防范产业化这一社会治安综合治理的新途径,及其产生的必然性、涉及的领域,并对扶持其发展提出建设性意见。     

Outside and inside competition for international organizations—from analysis to innovations

The analysis of the competitive environment of international organizations has been neglected in scholarly research. Both the external and the internal type of competition in international organizations are rather weak and their performance is far from ideal. To strengthen both types of competition, several tentative proposals are advanced. They range from the introduction of an international competition agency, competition rules, a monitoring institute, voucher systems, matching contributions, popular participation rights by citizens to the use of prediction markets and institutionalized devil’s advocates. These proposals are put forward to stimulate discussion and to advance new ideas about the design of international organizations.