城市社区供给公共物品的可行性与对策探讨

目前,城市社区日益成为社会公共物品供给与消费的基本单元。然而,现有的公共物品供给体系已经不能满足社区日益增长的多元需求。改革传统的管理与服务方式,建立新的公共物品供给体系,已成为城市和谐社区建设的中心任务。以城市公共物品供给的相关理论为基础,分析目前我国城市社区供给公共物品的可行性,并提出相应对策,对于发展和完善公共物品供给体制具有一定的现实指导意义。     

Developmental Validation of RSID™-Saliva: A Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip Test for the Forensic Detection of Saliva

Abstract:  Current methods for forensic identification of saliva generally assay for the enzymatic activity of α-amylase, an enzyme long associated with human saliva. Here, we describe the R apid S tain ID entification (RSID™-Saliva), a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test that uses two antisalivary amylase monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of salivary amylase, rather than the activity of the enzyme. We demonstrate that RSID™-Saliva is accurate, reproducible, and highly sensitive for human saliva; RSID™-Saliva detects less than 1 μL of saliva. The sensitivity of RSID^TM-Saliva allows investigators to sample a fraction of a questioned stain while retaining the majority for DNA-STR analysis. We demonstrate that RSID™-Saliva identifies saliva from a variety of materials (e.g., cans, bottles, envelopes, and cigarette-butts) and it does not cross-react with blood, semen, urine, or vaginal fluid. RSID™-Saliva is a useful forensic test for determining which evidentiary items contain saliva and thus may yield a DNA profile.     

《鹿特丹规则》对承运人“凭单放货”义务重大变革之反思——交易便利与交易安全的对弈

出于交易便利的考虑,实践中无单放货问题日渐凸显,危及了交易安全。为了解决此难题,《鹿特丹规则》对承运人凭单放货义务进行了重大变革。但相关制度设计并未实现便利交易的目标,同时削弱了交易的安全性。中国应在兼顾交易便利与安全的基础上对可转让提单坚持凭单放货,同时允许承运人在记名提单下有条件地无单放货,把大力发展电子单证作为解决无单放货难题的出路。中国对加入公约应持审慎态度。     

初评《鹿特丹规则》

对《鹿特丹规则》中的海运＋（maritime＋）、承运人的义务和赔偿责任、托运人的义务和赔偿责任、货物的交付、批量合同与合同自由、承运人的识别等问题进行探讨和评论。     

Nitrate and Nitrite Determination in Gunshot Residue Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis in Acidic Run Buffer,

Simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite in gunshot residue has been conducted by capillary electrophoresis using an acidic run buffer (pH 3.5). In previously developed capillary electrophoretic methods, alkaline pH separation buffers were used where nitrite and nitrate possess similar electrophoretic mobility. In this study, the electroosmotic flow has been reversed by using low pH running buffer without any additives. As a result of reversing the electroosmotic flow, very fast analysis has been actualized, well‐defined and separated ion peaks emerge in less than 4 min. Besides, the limit of detection was improved by employing large volume sample stacking. Limit of detection values were 6.7 and 4.3 μM for nitrate and nitrite, respectively. In traditional procedure, mechanical agitation is employed for extraction, while in this work the extraction efficiency of ultrasound mixing for 30 min was found sufficient. The proposed method was successfully applied to authentic gunshot residue samples.     

Democracy, Sea Power and Institutional Change: An Economic Analysis of the Athenian Naval Law

The present essay attempts to test the validity of the theory of institutional change based on the concept of property rights, in the remote historical setting of Classical Athens. The Naval Law introduced by Themistocles in 483-2 BC, established the institution of trierarchy to produce warships to face the Persian invaders. This reform led to the first attempt to define the costs and benefits of public goods in the field of national defense. Thus, institutional change in Ancient Athens, through an efficient arrangement of property rights and duties, had long-term consequences on economic performance, creating a new growth path and ensuring economic prosperity and social justice for more than 150 years.     

机体死亡后组织细胞DNA含量与死亡时间推断

早期死亡时间的推断方法有许多,但近年来通过测量组织细胞DNA含量的变化规律来推断早期死亡时间越来越引起人们的注意。本文就常见的细胞DNA含量的检测方法、变化规律及其在实践中的应用情况加以论述,并对不同检测方法和实际应用效果、前景加以评定。     

"知假买假"案件的法律思考

由于国家法律对"知假买假"性质的认定没有明确的规定,法学界对此观点也不一致,以致在司法实践中,对该类案件的处理结果不尽相同,这有悖于法制的统一和法律的公平原则.本文通过对该类案件进行分析探讨,提出该类案件的适用标准,并对完善这方面的立法提出几点建议.     

Foreign Aid and Global Public Goods: Impure Publicness,Cost Differentials and Negative Conjectures

Recently, politicians stressed the relevance of an old international policy to raise the provision of international or global public goods: foreign aid. Among such international or global public goods is the provision of climate policy, protection of the ozone layer and international waters. In this paper, we analyze the effect of foreign aid on international climate policy. We take account of cost differentials among countries in producing the public good, ancillary benefits of climate policy, alternative technologies independently generating ancillary benefits and non-zero conjectures.JEL classification:H41, Q28     

抢劫罪对象问题三论

抢劫罪是指以暴力、胁迫或者其他方法抢劫公私财物的行为。但是,对于像不动产、违禁品等这样一些特殊物品能否成为抢劫罪的对象,则无论国外还是国内刑法理论界都存在争论。而这些争论往往会导致在实践中对某种行为罪与非罪以及此罪与彼罪上的认定差异。因此,对抢劫罪的对象问题进行一定程度的专题探讨,就具有很大的理论与实践意义。