Buy Today,Pay Tomorrow: Formal Credit Supply and Domestic Electrical and Electronic Goods Consumption in São Paulo's Urban Periphery

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, expansion of the formal credit supply in Brazil has promoted the ‘financial inclusion’ of the low-income population, especially through instalment plans offered by large retail chains. This article aims to analyse the impacts of formal credit availability on the consumption of electrical and electronic goods by residents of Jardim Helena, a neighbourhood in São Paulo's periphery. Through the collection and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data, this study reveals how the instalment plan can stimulate consumption among the low-income population, with a significant impact on household budgets, raising the risk of indebtedness.     

电针足三里对应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用

目的；研究电针足三里穴对大鼠应激性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用。方法；将１８只大鼠随机分为３组，即正常对照组，模型组，电针组，采用束缚－冷应激胃粘膜损伤模型，观察电针足三里穴后胃粘膜损伤情况，以及胃粘膜血流量，血浆中肿瘤坏死因子，前列环素／血栓素含量变化。结果：电针后，胃粘膜电流量增加，肿瘤坏死因子和血栓素含量下降，前列环素含量增加。结论：电针足三里穴对胃粘膜损伤有保护作用，肿瘤坏死因子在其中是重要介质。     

毫米波照射肾俞穴对家兔肾血流量的影响

In this Paper, the low Power milimeter wave ( MMW ) was employed to irradiate the rabbit on "Shenshu" point and on the surface of kidney, and the renal blood flow ( RBF ) before and after irradiation were measured by means of hydragon gas clearance method. The results show that RBF of both normal rabbit and that with acute renal blood deficiency are significantly increased after irradiating "Shenshu" Point (P<0.05); and compared with the rabbit whose kidney surface was irradiated, the RBF before and after irradiation have no significant difference (P>0.05); and that the RBF is increased more in the rabbit whose renal nerve was excised than in rabbit whose renal nerve was intact; there is a significant difference between them (P<0.05). The results of this paper suggest the effect of MMW irradiating "Shenshu" Point be similar to that of MMW irradiating the kidney surface, and as a new invulnarable specific therapy on points, MMW have a latent value in clinics.