扩展莫尼茨绦虫不同体节电压门控性钙通道β亚基和胶原纤维mRNA转录水平的研究

为了研究电压门控性钙通道β亚基和胶原纤维基因在扩展莫尼茨绦虫不同体节的mRNA转录水平,以beta-Tubulin基因作为内参基因,采用SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR方法检测该基因在扩展莫尼茨绦虫4个不同发育阶段即头节、幼节、成节、孕节中的表达差异。结果显示,电压门控性钙通道β亚基、胶原纤维基因和beta-Tubulin基因的Ct值与阳性质粒的浓度均呈良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.99;熔解曲线分析表明,产物为特异的单峰,具有较高的特异性。试验结果表明,电压门控性钙通道β亚基以及胶原纤维基因在虫体各发育阶段中的表达丰度存在差异。电压门控性钙通道β亚基在幼节的表达水平较高,而胶原纤维基因在孕节的表达水平较高,提示这2个基因可能在幼节和孕节的发育中有重要作用。     

Peak Oil as a stimulus for a green economy transition in South Africa: Alternative liquid fuel and transport options

Abstract

While the arguments in favour of a green economy often rest on the need to reduce environmental damage, mitigate climate change and create environmentally friendly jobs, this article argues that the inevitable and possibly imminent peak and decline in world oil production provides another strong rationale for green economy policies and investments in South Africa. The South African economy has a high degree of reliance on imported petroleum fuels and evidence suggests that oil price and supply shocks – resulting from diminishing world oil exports and a decline in the energy return on investment for oil globally – are likely to have a debilitating socioeconomic impact under business-as-usual policies and behaviour patterns. Two broad strategies for mitigating the impact of increasing world oil scarcity and oil price shocks are considered. The first evaluates the prospects for developing indigenous sources of liquid fuels, including coal-to-liquids, gas-to-liquids and biofuels, and finds that there are significant resource and environmental risks associated with these options. The second strategy involves short-term measures to reduce demand for liquid transport fuels together with a long-term shift toward electrified mass transport, supported by accelerated investments in renewable energy. The latter strategy is argued to be compatible with and necessary for a societal transition towards a green economy.     

Juvenile Delinquency in the USSR: A Criminological Survey

This article examines some statistical data concerning juvenile delinquency in the USSR, analyzes social and demographic characteristics of juvenile delinquents, and describes special methods of preventing and combating juvenile delinquency in the USSR.

In those cases when the article does not contain direct references to the source of the data, the author cites the results of various research studies which are in his possession.     

Environmental crime prosecutions in Ireland, 2004–2014

Despite increased interest in environmental crime and green criminology, few studies address the use of criminal penalties in response to environmental crimes. A handful of published examples employ data from the United States or the Flanders court system, and little is known about how other nations punish environmental violations. Addressing this issue, the current study examined the use of criminal environmental penalties in Ireland from 2004 to 2014. Few criminal environmental cases (N = 147) and few environmental offenders (N = 154) were represented in these data over time. Consistent with the expectations of green/environmental crime researchers, mean penalties for environmental violations, which in Ireland only include fines and investigative cost recovery penalties, were rather small. Unlike in the US or Flanders, the majority of offenders were corporate offenders as opposed to individuals. Contextual factors related to Ireland’s economy, history and use of criminal sanctions should be used to interpret these factors, and prevent generalising from these data.     

After the green gold rush: the construction of climate change as a market transition

Abstract

This paper examines the emergence of a representation of climate change amongst business and political elites as an axiomatic frame of long-term economic strategy. In this representation, the rationale for action on climate change is liberated from the premise of an exogenous physical threat, and replaced by incentives endogenous to the market in the form of opportunities in the so-called carbon economy. The relationship between climate science and action upon climate change has in this process become markedly different from common assumptions whereby science is either ignored or obfuscated, or followed faithfully as the evidence base for policy. Strikingly, the abandoning of climate ontology as irrelevant to corporate decision-making has enabled a large-scale investment of capital into the policies nominally designed to tackle climate change.     

Labour market risks and political preferences: The case of temporary employment

The political economy literature has gathered compelling evidence that labour market risks shape political preferences. Accordingly, insecurity fuels support for redistribution and left parties. This article analyses this argument for temporary workers, a so far neglected risk category which has increased dramatically in the past two decades. Temporary workers also have been in the focus of recent insider‐outsider debates. Some authors in this line of research have argued that temporary work leads to political disenchantment – for example, non‐instrumental responses such as vote abstention or protest voting. This contradicts risk‐based explanations of political preferences. The article discusses both theoretical perspectives and derives conflicting hypotheses for the empirical analysis of temporary workers' policy and party preferences. The review reveals considerable ambiguity regarding the questions which parties temporary workers can be expected to support and what the underlying motives for party choice are. Synthesising arguments from both perspectives, the article proposes an alternative argument according to which temporary workers are expected to support the ‘new’ left – that is, green and other left‐libertarian parties. It is argued that this party family combines redistributive policies with outsider‐friendly policy design. Using individual‐level data from the European Social Survey for 15 European countries, the article supports this argument by showing that temporary, compared to permanent, workers exhibit higher demand for redistribution and stronger support for the new left. Neither the risk‐based nor the insider‐outsider explanations receive full support. In particular, no signs of political disenchantment of temporary workers can be found. Thus, the findings challenge central claims of the insider‐outsider literature.     

Going green: Explaining issue competition on the environment

This study addresses the dynamics of the issue space in multiparty systems by examining to what extent, and under what conditions, parties respond to the issue ownership of other parties on the green issue. To understand why some issues become part and parcel of the political agenda in multiparty systems, it is crucial not only to examine the strategies of issue entrepreneurs, but also the responses of other parties. It is argued that the extent to which other parties respond to, rather than ignore, the issue mobilisation of green parties depends on two factors: how much of an electoral threat the green party poses to a specific party; and the extent to which the political and economic context makes the green issue a potential vote winner. To analyse the evolution of the green issue, a time‐series cross‐section analysis is conducted using data from the Comparative Manifestos Project for 19 West European countries from 1980–2010. The findings have important implications for understanding issue evolution in multiparty systems and how and why the dynamics of party competition on the green issue vary across time and space.     

针刺心经对急性心肌缺血模型大鼠血流动力学指标的影响

目的 观察针刺心经对急性心肌缺血模型大鼠心电图和血流动力学指标的影响,探讨针刺抗急性心肌缺血的效应。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为伪手术组、模型组、针刺心经组、非经非穴组,每组各10只,通过冠状动脉左前降支结扎法复制大鼠急性心肌缺血模型,针刺心经组取“神门（HT7）—通里（HT5）”经脉段,非经非穴组取大鼠臀部非经穴刺激点,各刺入3根1寸毫针,间距约2 mm;电针每次30 min,每天1次,连续3次。观察比较各组大鼠血流动力学指标心率（heart rate,HR）、平均动脉压（mean arterial pressure,MAP）和心率收缩压乘积（rate pressure product,RPP）。结果 末次针刺后即刻（0 min）,与伪手术组比较,模型组大鼠HR显著增加,MAP、RPP显著下降 （P<0.01）;与模型组、非经非穴组比较,针刺心经组大鼠HR显著下降,MAP、RPP显著上升（P<0.05,或P<0.01）; 末次针刺后10、20、30 min,与模型组、非经非穴组比较,针刺心经组大鼠HR显著下降,MAP、RPP显著升高 （P<0.01）。结论 针刺心经可逆转急性心肌缺血大鼠心电图和血流动力学指标的异常变化,具有改善急性心肌缺血的确切效应。     

The Maritime Channel in Southeast Asia and China’s Strategic Pivots

With its transition from land power to sea power and the rapid expansion of its national interests, the security of maritime channels has become an important agenda for China. China has shifted its focus from the dilemma of Malacca Strait to the construction of a sea-lane network in its bid to protect its maritime rights and interests. To build its sea power as a strong nation, China should follow its “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” strategy and establish its strategic pivots at harbors at Sumatra Island and Kalimantan Island in Indonesia so as to improve its ability to ensure its navigational safety.     

公安网络舆情搜集机制研究：内容与渠道建设

网络舆情搜集的内容与渠道是公安机关网络监测机制建设的重点,要根据公安机关的职能与使命。研究和确定公安机关网络舆情搜集的主要内容和范围。在此基础上,根据覆盖全面、重点突出、渠道稳定、高效及时的原则,确定网络媒体监测重点,建立稳定且广泛的舆情搜集渠道,构建触角深入、广泛的舆情搜集网络,创新公安机关网络舆情监测机制。