文化互动与社会变迁--明、清以来哈尼族与汉族文化的交流

哈尼族历来重视对汉族文化的吸纳与交流,其吸纳汉民族文化大致经历了从朦胧到明朗、从无意识到有意识、从个别到群体的逐渐普及和深化的过程。其间既有哈尼族的主动吸纳,又有汉文化自身的辐射、渗透以及两种文化的互动与交流,二者相得益彰,推动了哈尼族历史文化的进步和社会经济的不断发展。     

职工队伍内部不同利益群体的特征及发展趋势

由于社会主义市场经济体制的逐步确立,所有制结构、产业结构的变化,导致了社会结构的变化。职工队伍在整体利益基本一致的前提下分化出各具特征的不同利益群体,并有进一步分化整合的趋势,这是社会进步、社会结构现代化的主要标志。     

Introduction of a standardized "paternity index" for the statistical evaluation of blood group findings in paternity testing

The introduction of a standardized paternity index (PI) for the statistical evaluation of blood group findings in cases of disputed paternity is proposed and explained. By using the PI $\text{X}\text{Y}$ as parameter, it is not necessary to give the information of the probability of paternity in percent. The PI includes the full information of the blood group findings. In addition to that, by using the suggested standardization based on the probabilities of error according to Schulte Mönting and Walter the test volume is also taken into account. The interpretation of the mathematical result is given by verbal predicates, the limitations of which are orientated by the verbal predicates for the probabilities of error according to Schulte Mönting and Walter, published by us elsewhere. Besides the essential fact that the test volume is taken into account, the most important advantage of this procedure is that the mathematical result is involved in the court decision only by the PI (which is free of any valuation) and its verbal predicate and not by sometimes relatively high percentages, which may be misunderstood by laymen.     

Incentives and beneficence

Whether an action is beneficent may depend on its effect on incentives for future behavior of the beneficiary. This strategic consideration makes our moral account of beneficence far more complex than most discussions suggest. Its effect on utilitarian and Kantian moral theories is discussed. In general, strategic incentive considerations recommend institutional rather than individual resolution of many problems, so that moral theory must in part be political and institutional.     

浅谈SK-II事件采用集体诉讼模式可行性

本文针对SK-II事件在国内市场所引起的强烈反响,并结合国外的一些相关立法,深入地探讨我国采用集体诉讼模式的可行性。     

论法人的本质

法人的本质即非团体人格,也非特别财产,而是在自然人人格基础上形成的区分人格。团体人格的本质就是复数自然人作为统一体而产生的单一人格,因而实体意义上的股东大会就是法人自身。股东大会作为实体,与董事会、监事会之间是代理关系,而非同为法人机关的并列关系。在此意义上,法人所有也就是股东共有。     

论虚假陈述民事案件的诉讼方式

在民众的强烈期盼下,最高人民法院终于做出司法解释宣布受理虚假陈述民事赔偿案件,但是由于其固守传统民事诉讼模式,难以有效地解决人数众多的虚假陈述民事赔偿问题。笔者认为应当借鉴美国的集团诉讼机制以及德、法两国的团体诉讼的先进经验,改造我国已有的代表人诉讼制度,以解决虚假陈述民事案件的诉讼方式问题。     

弱势群体与我国改革发展中的治安稳定

经济体制改革和政治体制改革将我国带入了一个复杂的社会转型期,在这个时期,一个特殊的群体———社会性弱势群体正逐渐产生、显现,并且规模渐大。对社会治安稳定也产生了不小影响。     

宪法与弱势群体的权利保障

宪法与人权密不可分,保障人权是宪法的根本价值追求。当代宪法在关注自由的同时,越来越关注平等,关注平等就是关注社会的弱势群体。当前,我国弱势群体的权利保障出现了前所未有的新问题。按照我国宪法"国家尊重和保障人权"的基本原则和精神,构建和发展我国保障弱势群体权利的法律制度,对于建设和谐社会具有极其重要的现实意义。     

Modeling Facts,Culture, and Cognition in the Gun Debate

Can empirical data generate consensus about how to regulate firearms? If so, under what conditions? Previously, we presented evidence that individuals' cultural worldviews explain their positions on gun control more powerfully than any other fact about them, including their race or gender, the type of community or region of the country they live in, and even their political ideology or party affiliation. On this basis, we inferred that culture is prior to facts in the gun debate: empirical data can be expected to persaude individuals to change their view on gun policies only after those individuals come to see those policies as compatible with their core cultural commitments. We now respond to critics. Canvassing the psychological literature, we identify the mechanisms that systematically induce individuals to conform their factual beliefs about guns to their culturally grounded moral evaluations of them. To illustrate the strength and practical implications of these dynamics, we develop a series of computer simulations, which show why public beliefs about the efficacy of gun control can be expected to remain highly polarized even in the face of compelling empirical evidence. Finally, we show that the contribution culture makes to cognition could potentially be harnessed to generate broad, cross-cultural consensus: if gun policies can be framed in terms that are expressively compatible with diverse cultural worldviews, the motivation to resist compelling empirical evidence will dissipate, and individuals of diverse cultural persuasions can be expected rapidly to converge in their beliefs about what policies are best. Constructing a new, expressively pluralistic idiom of gun control should therefore be the first priority of policy-makers and -analysts interested in promoting the adoption of sound gun policies.