试论当前增值税犯罪

增值税犯罪是涉税犯罪中一种主要的形式。增值税犯罪往往具有案值大、社会危害性大的特性,因此,我们应该高度关注此类犯罪。通过对增值税犯罪的形式、特点和原因的分析,寻求如何有效防范这种危害的发生。     

Latest Trends in French Policy on Drugs

Present French policy with respect to drugs was defined in a government programme ratified at a meeting of the Inter-Ministerial Committee for the Control of Drugs and Drug Abuse, held on September 14, 1995 and headed by the Prime Minister. The present government plan rests on three main lines of action, which will be examined here in their historical context. They are: reinforced control of drug trafficking, expansion of the existing health care and of prevention-related action, plus specific measures aimed at abusers under court supervision. This article draws the picture of past and current drug policy and legislation in France.     

GUARDIANSHIP IN CONTEXT: IMPLICATIONS FOR BURGLARY VICTIMIZATION RISK AND PREVENTION*

Survey data from 4,227 Seattle residents nested within 100 “neighborhoods” (census tracts) were analyzed to discern interrelationships between various dimensions of individual‐level and neighborhood‐level guardianship. We focused on four dimensions of guardianship–physical (target hardening), personal (home occupancy), social (informal control), and natural (surveillance through environmental design)–at both individual and neighborhood levels. A multilevel opportunity, theoretical framework guided hypotheses, which suggests that each of the four dimensions of individual guardianship would be related more negatively to burglary as each of the four dimensions of aggregate guardianship increased. Multilevel logistic regression analysis revealed support for many of such hypothesized moderating effects of aggregate guardianship. More specifically, 6 of the 16 possible interaction effects were statistically significant at the .05 level and an additional 3 interaction effects were significant at the .10 level. In particular, individuallevel target hardening, place management, and natural surveillancewere related more negatively to burglary as neighborhood‐level target hardening increased, as neighborhood‐level informal social control increased, and as neighborhood‐level natural surveillance increased.     

社会转型期我省未成年人犯罪的状况分析与防控对策

当前，湖南省未成年人犯罪呈现出低龄化、暴力化、有组织化等发展趋势，恶性程度和社会危害性大大增强。深入分析研究引发未成年人犯罪的社会因素，有针对性地完善各项社会制度，净化社会环境，对预防和控制未成年人犯罪有着十分重要的现实意义。各级党委、政府和各有关部门必须以科学发展观为指导，充分调动社会各界的力量，采取综合治理的措施，多管齐下，齐抓共管，从培养跨世纪合格建设者和接班人的战略高度来认识和做好预防和控制未成年人犯罪这项工作。     

推进社区矫正制度化的若干重要问题

从宏观层面看,社区矫正取得制度实效重在利用和培育民间力量,而非创设新的国家管理部门或制订专门法规;司法行政系统发挥矫正管理作用之时,审判部门的支配角色不应忽视。从技术层面看,社区矫正对象宜排除单处资格刑的罪犯,增加受教养人和暂缓不起诉人。此外,社区矫正的主要方式是观护和赔偿,强制公益劳动限于特定受刑人。     

论中小学生违法犯罪的学校原因及其预防

一直以来,学校教育在引导未成年学生时,尚存在空白或不完善的方面。贯彻执行教育方针不力;对差生简单粗暴,处理不当;对"好学生"的管理和教育存在偏差;管理中还存在不少漏洞等成为当前学校环境中引起中小学生违法犯罪的重要原因。在预防中小学生违法犯罪中,学校教育承担着不可缺少的重要作用。学校应该从素质教育的角度来加强未成年人违法犯罪预防工作。把德育放在学校素质教育的首位;加强对学生的法制教育;性教育课进课堂;将心理教育和辅导摆上重要位置;加强工读学校改革和建设是学校在预防中小学生违法犯罪中应该采取的重要举措。     

学校犯罪预防教育透视

学校属于初级与次级犯罪预防教育机构,是犯罪预防体系的重要环节,正取代家庭犯罪预防的某些功能,发挥着专门机构无法替代的作用。这些作用可以从一般预防、虞犯预防、矫正预防以及物质预防等方面体现出来。在犯罪预防模式中,必须充分发挥教师的潜能。教师在这方面扮演着鉴别和处理问题学生、避免标签化等关键角色。为实现犯罪预防计划,学校的校长必须认识到预防学生犯罪的重要性,并有计划地对老师进行教育训练,同时还要整合社会多种资源,以形成预防犯罪的合力。     

城市社会公共安全市场的制度安排——以社区治安与犯罪预防为例

随着新型集体消费单位——社区的兴起,公共安全的需求出现了多样化和个别化,政府职能的转变也使公共安全市场形成并有所发展。对这一市场的制度安排面临着对不同治理结构的选择,同时也是对传统公共安全管理体制进行的制度变迁。公共安全市场的制度安排应当是政府的集中控制提供更多的间接服务,市场中的企业提供多样化、个别化的直接服务,公众和社会组织广泛参与的运行模式。     

论对邪教组织犯罪活动的防治

邪教组织犯罪严重危害个人、家庭、国家安全和社会政治稳定,因此,必须加强对邪教组织犯罪的预防和惩治工作:完善立法,为打击和防范邪教活动提供充分的法律依据;标本兼治,以防为主,综合治理; 做好帮教挽救工作,团结教育绝大多数被蒙蔽而参加邪教活动的成员;发挥公安机关的职能作用,加强侦控工作,严厉打击邪教犯罪活动。     

Developmental and Validation of The Illustrated Version of The Home Inventory for Dangers and Safety Precautions: Continuing to Address Learning Needs of Parents in Injury Prevention

This paper describes the development and validation of the Home Inventory for Dangers and Safety Precautions – Illustrated Version to be used with parents whose children are at significant risk for home injury. Because illustrations are useful in facilitating learning by parents who have difficulty ensuring child and self home safety, colored illustrations representing 6 home rooms or areas were empirically developed for assessment purposes. The dangers depicted were selected from previous work and represented those associated with the majority of family home injuries. Score-sheets contained dangers and associated precautions administered to 62 referred young parents. Administration and psychometric characteristics were examined; specific hypotheses were tested. Obtained measures of internal consistency for dangers and precautions for all illustrations (except for Stairway) and for totals were satisfactory. Administration was suitable for use with this population. Parents were able to identify approximately half of the depicted dangers while being able to provide a suitable precaution for 40%. Reading comprehension was predictive of danger identification whereas reading recognition was predictive of precautions given. The HIDSP-IV is useful in assessing a parent's knowledge of dangers and precautions from which more individualized home safety instruction can occur.