公司内部人治理模式评介——兼及对独立董事制度的反思

建立于企业专用性知识投资理论基础上的内部人治理模式强调,作为内部人的知识工人与货币股东一样,承担了剩余风险,有配置控制权予以特别保护的必要,应当在公司董事会中占有重要的席位,这样的董事会由不拥有投票权的中立人充任主席.内部知识工人作为董事有很多外部独立董事所不具有的优势.     

论中国古代刑法中的罪刑法定思想

罪刑法定原则是现代刑法的基本原则之一,关于中国古代社会是否存在罪刑法定原则有肯定说与否定说之争。罪刑法定原则的价值在于保障人权,适用准则是禁止类推,它与“人治”根本相分离。现代罪刑法定原则与中国古代社会的罪刑法定具有本质上的异质性,我国古代的罪刑法定只是一种思想,并没有上升为一项基本的法律原则。而且,由于中国古代社会奉行专制体制和人治统治,罪刑法定原则欠缺生长的现实土壤,这就决定了中国古代的罪刑法定思想不可能发展成为罪刑法定原则,也不可能成为保护犯罪人的大宪章。     

刑事审前法官制度的中国语境分析

刑事审前法官制度的缺位,不仅导致我国侦查程序中非法侦查行为屡禁不止,权利救济机制处于空白状态,侦查程序不具诉讼形态,也使得公诉权缺乏应有的控制,公诉方式改革未能达到预期的效果。还造成庭前程序中非法证据排除规则不能落实,证据展示程序难以运行,庭审法官的预断不能排除。加强权力制约与保障人权,必须建立司法审查制度、设立刑事审前法官．     

论外资经济产业风险的产生及防范

从产业结构角度考察外资风险,主要有区域经济控制力风险、产业结构失衡风险、本土产业自主创新受阻风险和外商减(撤)资风险等。我国外资集聚区产业风险产生的症结在于不合理的产业结构,而形成原因既有国际生产体系变革因素,也有我国经济结构转换和地方政府的引资偏好等因素。化解和防范外资产业风险的主要途径,应通过借助引进外资研发等高附加值的产业,启动价值链向高端攀升机制,带动产业结构调整并优化;同时通过发展区域服务经济、改变招商模式和加快政府的管理创新等措施,加快这种过程,从根本上达到规避风险之目的。     

新一轮西部大开发需要建立良性循环的投融资模式

西部大开发战略实施以来,国家给予了西部大量财政和银行信贷的支持,但迄今为止,西部地区还没有建立良性循环的投融资体系,在新一轮西部大开发过程中,西部地区发展面临的最大难题依然是资金瓶颈。西部投融资如何实现从政府主导型开发模式向市场主导型模式的转变,事关新一轮西部大开发的成败。     

A real-time multiplex SNP melting assay to discriminate individuals

A method that quickly and inexpensively differentiates crime scene samples from multiple donors would expedite casework analysis by allowing the selection of probative items requiring comprehensive testing. This new method need not be perfectly definitive nor give a complete 13 locus short tandem repeat (STR) profile; it simply must be able to differentiate between most victim and suspect samples. We describe the development of multiplex, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays to fulfill this need. Dual probes, one fluorescently labeled and the other labeled with a quencher, are monitored during a melt analysis to reveal an increase in fluorescence, which allows the assessment of the two SNP alleles. Two alternate 6-plex assays (with and without gender determination) have been developed for the six-color RG6000 real-time instrument (Corbett Robotics, Inc.) and one seven SNP plus gender assay (performed as two 4-plex assays, one with gender the other without) have been developed for use in four/five color real-time instruments. This technique can discriminate between 95% and 99% of samples from different individuals. This assay is fast (approximately 2 h), much less expensive than STR analysis, and uses a real-time PCR instrument which is found in most forensic and molecular biology labs.     

Variables influencing victim selection in genocide

While victims of racially motivated violence may be identified through observation of morphological features, those targeted because of their ethnic, religious, or national identity are not easily recognized. This study examines how perpetrators of genocide recognize their victims. Court documents, including indictments, witness statements, and testimony from the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia (FY) detail the interactions between victim and assailant. A total of 6012 decedents were included in the study; only 20.8% had been positively identified. Variables influencing victim selection in Rwanda included location, segregation, incitement, and prior relationship, while significant factors in FY were segregation, location, age/gender, and social data. Additional contributing factors in both countries included self-identification, victim behavior, linguistic or clothing evidence, and morphological features. Understanding the system of recognition used by perpetrators aids investigators tasked with establishing victim identity in such prosecutions.     

The profitability life-cycle of direct investment: an international panel study

In this paper we test competing hypotheses about the shape of the time-profile of foreign direct investment profitability on a panel of countries. Using partial linearization method we derive the time-profile of the cumulative profitability for the stock of direct investment from aggregate macroeconomic data. By testing the non-linearity hypothesis of the cumulative profitability life-cycle of direct investment we find a cubic curve.

Risks and Opportunities in Gender Gaps to Access Shelter: A Platform for Intervention

In the context of the current global trends such as polarization of social groups and intensified poverty, there is a serious risk that gender gaps in access to shelter widen among the poor to the detriment of women's social, economic, and personal well-being. Paradoxically, these conditions also provide certain opportunities for women, including their greater community-based mobilization and leadership role. This paper examines these risks and the opportunities they bear upon and stresses the need for intervention in four areas of rights, access, security, and empowerment. The paper draws on a participatory research project carried out by the United Nations Gender and Habitat program in 1992 to 1999 in low-income settlements of Africa, South Asia, and Latin America.