论犯罪故意程度的划分及其法律价值

犯罪故意不仅有类型之分,而且有程度之分;我国刑法学界对此缺乏探讨,不利于此领域研究的深人发展.国外同仁的探讨,虽然给了我们一些启示,但仍有失偏颇.依据故意心理态度形成过程中的自觉性/独立性状况,犯罪故意程度可划分为主动故意、被动故意和被迫故意三个程度递减的层次,这种划分具有重要的司法价值和立法价值,体现了罪责刑相统一的法治精神,有利于制约法官的自由裁量权,有利于对我国刑法相关规定的理论探讨.     

公正审判基本人权视野下的司法独立与司法受制

公正审判基本人权视野下的司法独立，其全部目的是为了公正审判。为防止绝对的权力导致绝对的腐败，司法权本身也需要约束，因而司法独立也不是绝对的，存在公正审判的诉讼机制下司法受制的必要性，印司法要接受司法内监督和司法外监督。司法内的监督包括审级监督和再审监督，司法外监督包括媒体监督、权力机关监督和社会其他监督等，而司法外监督以不代替司法审判、不构成对司法权的不正当干涉为底限。司法独立与司法受制共同统一于公正审判。     

YOUTH AGING OUT OF FOSTER CARE—INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES

This article explores the legislative tools that New Zealand has to facilitate the protection of children and young people up to the age of seventeen years. It further explores the mechanisms currently employed in New Zealand to assist young people with the transition from care to independence, recognizing the strengths as well as the gaps in the current system. The article concludes by suggesting what could be done to close these gaps to provide better support for youth who are aging out of foster care.     

Citizen oversight of independent police services: Bifurcated accountability,regulation creep,and lesson learning

By examining developments in England and Wales this article considers police reform in the context of the tension between operational independence and citizen oversight. The article assesses the nexus between regulation and accountability in order to shed light on how a bifurcated accountability paradigm has protected police autonomy. Particular significance is attached to the cold‐blooded police shooting of an innocent man as a critical moment in the recent history of police governance. The lesson‐learning strategy of the Independent Police Complaints Commission, created under the Police Reform Act 2002, is singled out as an important driver of police reform. Although police governance reform in England and Wales is context specific, it is held that appreciation of the regulation accountability nexus and complaints as lesson‐learning opportunities are of significance in other jurisdictions and sectors.     

论工会在劳动关系中的独立性与代表性——基于企业工会干部职业化的若干思考

企业工会在劳动关系中存在着对企业的依附性,难以实现劳资关系的博弈制衡,有其多方面的社会历史原因.为使企业工会更好地维护劳动者合法权益,构建和谐稳定的劳动关系,以上级工会从社会上招聘、派遣为特征的企业工会干部职业化,是目前探索企业工会成为劳资关系中平等主体的基本思路和主要模式.然而,这种"嵌入式"的企业工会干部职业化模式,虽然强调了企业劳动关系中工会的独立性和专业化,但可能会出现工会代表性的先天不足.符合中国工会性质和职能要求的企业工会干部职业化,应以"内生"于企业的工会代表性为基础,以工会在劳动关系中的独立性为表现形式.     

The myth of ‘independent judiciary’: the evolution of judiciary-executive relations in Turkish politics

The position of judiciary in politics is an important area of discussion for both legal and political experts. The issue has particularly been on Turkish political agenda for the past decade with the emergence of a strong single-party government under the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalk?nma Partisi-JDP) rule. This article aims to analyse the evolution of relations between the judiciary and executive in Turkey from a historical perspective by examining the Republican era until the JDP rule. The struggle over the control of institutions becomes more visible during periods of strong government and the analysis shows that the idea of an independent, apolitical judiciary is a myth that was created by the institutional and legal design of the Republic in the Turkish case and is not peculiar to the JDP government.     

论我国的法院改革与司法独立

确立司法独立的原则和制度,根本上的原因在于保障司法机关和司法人员严格地实施法律、最大程度地实现司法正义.文章试从司法独立应有的法院整体独立、审级独立和法官个人独立三个含义方面来找出我国法院现行体制中存在的问题,并就此给出相应的司法建议.     

欧洲中央银行:独立性及其司法解读

《建立欧洲共同体条约》赋予了欧洲中央银行在货币政策、组织与人事安排、财政等方面的高度独立性,其目的在于保障欧洲中央银行货币政策职能的顺利实现.欧洲法院的司法裁决表明,欧洲中央银行的独立地位是一种有限的、功能性的独立,并不是绝对的独立.欧洲中央银行不能在欧盟法律框架之外独立存在,但在该法律框架下,欧洲中央银行的货币政策职能的独立行使会得到有效保护.     

论我国司法预算制度的改革与完善

司法预算是司法制度和司法程序的物质基础。司法预算的独立对于实现司法独立,提升司法的品质都具有非常重要的意义。要最大限度地实现司法公正,除了要实现司法预算的独立之外,还要对司法预算进行合理配置。我国司法预算不仅不独立,而且配置也非常不合理,应当进行彻底的改革与完善。     

论司法独立

司法独立由司法的本质所决定, 是市民社会与国家对立的必然产物。司法欲独立, 必先独立于立法与行政, 次须独立于社会, 特别是传媒; 上下级法院以及法官之间亦须相互独立。欲保障司法独立, 必使法官任期终身, 享优厚之待遇, 以及司法豁免权等。