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981.
    
Approaches and instruments focused on market mechanisms and private enterprises, including private protected areas, are promoted as ways to resolve global environmental and developmental problems. In Indonesia, Ecosystem Restoration Concessions (ERCs) have been developed as a new market-oriented governmental instrument to counter current deforestation processes and to restore forest ecosystems. Conservation and development organizations, along with state authorities, view ERCs as a highly promising instrument in Indonesia and in other countries as well. Experiences with ERCs are still limited, however, and their viability is uncertain. The implementation of ERCs in Indonesia has been controversial and the impact of ERCs on forests and forest-dependent communities has been fiercely disputed. This article explores these conflicts and disputes with a focus on the Harapan ERC and weighs the relevance of ERCs for German development cooperation. The improvement of the accountability of such projects and the implementation of mediation facilities are emphasized as prerequisites to establishing such market-oriented instruments according to international standards of nature conservation, the rights of indigenous and local populations, and sustainable development. The author concludes that decisions about strategies and instruments applied in forest-related development cooperation must involve a reconsideration of the mindsets that currently determine conservation approaches and development cooperation.  相似文献   
982.
    
The article seeks to outline the main elements through which a populist political order was built in Venezuela. It will be done, first by looking at the golden years a of Venezuelan populism (1945–1948). It will be argued that the constitution of populist politics meant: an appeal to the people, the articulation of new social relations and constitution of new political identities. Then it will turn to the latter Pérez and Caldera showing the basic schemes of their governments. They sought to reconstitute politics and reshape political identities in a new populist way. The arrival of Chávez at power and the first months of his government are also analysed.  相似文献   
983.
    
During the dramatic upheavals and conflicts that have accompanied political independence in Timor-Leste, Timorese activists have made an important, sometimes overlooked, contribution. This paper highlights the significant roles they played at three major turning points over the past 15 years – the Santa Cruz massacre in 1991, the UN-sponsored independence ballot in 1999 and the political-military crisis in 2006. Each one of these events was a starting point for a new phase in Timorese development history and a new phase in the growth of Timorese civil society. The personal reflections of Timorese activists provide poignant insight into their changing focus of activism as Timor-Leste became independent. Their “active citizenship” provided a mechanism to both contribute to and contest the mainstream nation-building processes which were, in some cases, perceived to be overly influenced by Western standards and often failed to acknowledge or respect Timorese culture and traditions.  相似文献   
984.
人民调解制度作为"东方经验",在转型期中国纠纷解决、社会治理等领域发挥了重要作用,并作为群众自治、自理的重要体现,而广受理论界和实务界的重视。改革开放以来,有关人民调解制度的研究也非常繁荣,通过学术梳理,发现当前多数研究主要集中于应用对策研究,尽管也有部分学者从政治学、社会学、经济学等角度进行了跨学科交叉研究,但研究内容整体上不足以解释和满足社会转型期的人民调解实践。以《人民调解法》的出台为背景,详细论述改革开放以来有关人民调解制度的理论发展,有助于对此进行反思和展望。  相似文献   
985.
ABSTRACT

This article addresses challenges arising from the guarantee in South Africa's Constitution (1996) of continued use of indigenous law. This law has been handed down in oral form, but increasingly, written sources are needed when cases relating to indigenous law are heard in South Africa's higher courts. Although access to this kind of information is vital to empowerment and justice in Africa, wider access is hampered by different literacy levels and language differences. This article examines accountable translation into English of legal anthropological texts, referring to a case study on law practised among the Nkuna of Ritavi to demonstrate some of the complexities. The article considers the Anglo-American translation tradition's preference for idiomatic translation (paraphrasis) rather than word-for-word faithfulness (metaphrasis). It advocates focusing on the Skopos (purpose) of texts negotiated with the author. It also proposes foregrounding the hermeneutic engagement of translators as readers. For the text in the case study, it suggests two translations, for two audiences: one into an academic register (for academics, legal experts, and educated members of the Nkuna community), and one into Plain English (mainly for members of the Nkuna community for whom English is a second language). To address political dimensions of responsible translation, metatextual strategies espoused by feminist translators to increase translators’ visibility and accountability can be used, and postcolonial translation theory should be considered.  相似文献   
986.
司法改革的目标在于促进司法公正,提高司法机关的权威性。提高司法机关的权威性,需要增强司法机关的相对独立性,做到这一点,有三个方面的对策,一是观念上深入理解司法为民,切实从人民对司法的需求出发;二是立法上为司法改革清除阻碍,由全国人大制定司法改革法;三是进一步建立和完善法官身份保障制度,厘清司法机关与行政机关职权关系,避免行政对司法的干预。  相似文献   
987.
执政为民是我们党的基本执政理念。只有深刻理解执政为民的丰富内涵,在执政活动中以实际成效切实体现执政为民,我们党才能始终取得人民的信任和支持。实践执政为民的主要路径有:解决思想认识问题,使执政为民成为自觉行为;解决激励机制问题,使执政为民成为自励行为;健全惩戒监督机制,使执政为民成为自警行为;健全各项制度安排,使执政为民成为自愿行为。  相似文献   
988.
监狱劳教人民警察工作任务重、岗位责任大、危险程度高的职业特征,决定了他们是职业枯竭的高发人群。长期持续的职业压力是引发警察职业枯竭产生的最主要的原因。除此之外,社会环境、组织内部因素等也会导致职业枯竭的产生。监狱劳教人民警察的职业枯竭问题不容忽视,它不仅影响着警察的身体健康,而且严重影响着警察的心理健康.导致警察队伍不稳定、战斗力下降等问题的产生。因此,应当创建针对监狱劳教警察职业压力的疏导调适机制.建立为监狱劳教人民警察提供服务的帮助系统,以帮助干警解决心理问题.预防和降低职业枯竭。  相似文献   
989.
青年流行文化的产生是社会重大政治事件的延续反映,体现了现代进程的文化创新,是青年对西方大众文化的主动移入,也是社会非主流价值观的直接反映。通过流行文化,青年发现了自我,也是他们对社会的一种表态。  相似文献   
990.
青年研究从质疑开始   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文是对前文《我们的青年研究缺什么》(见《浙江青年专修学院学报》创刊号)的再思考。重提在青年研究中问题意识的重要性,对实证主义和人文主义两种方法论进行探讨、分析,并认为提倡纯学术研究,“为学术而学术”在当下的必要性,提出青年研究从质疑开始。  相似文献   
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