从二元到一元:城乡社会结构转换的政策取向

要实现城乡社会结构从二元到一元的转换，就必须选择适宜的社会政策，即：改革户籍制度，选择城市化发展道路，消解城乡二元社会保障结构，建立城乡统筹就业体制。     

非正规就业——弱势群体就业的有效途径

目前在结构性改革、新技术应用带来的劳动力结构性矛盾日益突出的现状下,出现了一部分易受劳动力市场排斥、就业前景有限的弱势群体.发展正规就业的同时大力发展非正规就业,对于这些弱势群体来说,具有非常重要的生存战略意义.     

嵌套激励与闭环监控 ：互联网平台用工中的劳动控制 ——以外卖行业为例

与传统行业相比，互联网平台用工中的劳动控制发生了新变化。以外卖行业为例，平台对劳动者的控制主要通过两种途径实施：嵌套激励体系构成的制度控制和闭环监控体系构成的技术控制。由工资、奖励及各种前提条件组成的复杂多变的劳动报酬体系，让骑手们在追求不确定增长收入的同时成为忠诚有效的劳动力。由平台、代理商和消费者依托人脸识别系统、卫星定位系统、顺客评分系统和KPI考核机制共同打造的四重监控体系，实现了对骑手劳动过程的全方位控制。研究建议，在推动平台经济发展的同时，必须正确处理资本和劳动之间的利益关系，有力保障劳动者权益，深刻反思劳动的价值。     

互联网平台企业劳动用工策略的博弈分析

互联网平台企业中多元化的用工方式和灵活自主的用工制度强力冲击着传统劳动关系的边界,其便利的监管手段和大数据分析功能在某种程度上进一步加剧企业与劳动者地位不对等的程度,致使企业与劳动者关系不和谐、平台劳动者的身份难以明晰、劳动者的合法权益也未能得到有效的保护。目前司法实践、管理学界在保护平台劳动者的合法劳动权益、互联网平台企业与平台劳动者的关系类型及互联网平台企业的用工策略选择等问题上均未有定论。本文通过文献梳理总结出互联网平台企业和平台劳动者之间存在的劳动关系和劳务合作关系,并从合同法角度加以佐证。在此基础上构建企业与劳动者博弈收益分析模型,以及二者在劳动、劳务合作关系下的演化博弈模型和政府介入的有限博弈模型,发现互联网平台企业与平台劳动者的具体收益取决于双方的关系类型和相关参数的变化。     

From Foster Care to Adulthood: The Role of Income

This study explores the role of income for young people with experience in foster care transitioning to adulthood. It draws on in-depth structured interviews with eight staff members and 38 current and former foster youths age 18 years and older, who were participants in an innovative program to build their assets and financial capability. Interviews took place in four sites in three states. This study illuminates how those with experience in foster care seek to obtain and manage money to transition successfully to adult financial roles. Findings suggest that early and practical experiences with money are important for gaining financial capability. The study also highlights the need for child welfare professionals to develop expertise in financial literacy and understand the pitfalls that lie in both traditional and nontraditional financial services. By deepening understanding among staff of the economic realities facing the young people today, child welfare agencies will be more likely to prepare former foster youths for life on their own.     

Revived and Discouraged: Evaluating Employment Barriers for Section 3 Residents With Criminal Records

Section 3 was established in the Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Act of 1968 to provide employment for public housing residents in distressed communities while rebuilding underserved neighborhoods. As a provision that recipients of HUD funding must comply with, Section 3 reporting agencies are having trouble securing employment for ex-offenders. This is problematic since low-income ex-offenders unable to secure stable employment are more likely to recidivate. Research evaluating the specific barriers to employment for Section 3 residents with criminal records and policy recommendations are sparse although the problem is prevalent in communities nationwide. This study uses San Antonio, Texas as an example for conducting a policy review to identify the barriers to employment for Section 3 ex-offenders. The results of the qualitative analysis indicate that at the national level, HUD and the Section 3 provision do not create barriers to employment but state and local policies and practices do.     

中小企业的发展与“社会就业更加充分”目标的实现

比较充分的就业是保持社会和谐的物质基础,而中小企业的充分发展则是实现这一目标的战略性举措。为此,政府必须采取措施,切实改善中小企业的生态环境,以促进中小企业的发展。     

How to overcome the cost of a criminal record for getting hired

Many theories emphasize how employment is protective against criminal recidivism, yet a criminal record is a major barrier for getting hired. We asked 591 managers to make hypothetical hiring decisions between two applicants whose key difference was the presence or absence of a criminal conviction. In addition, we randomly manipulated the education, references, wage, or experience of the applicant with the criminal record to identify which manipulations can offset the cost of the record on an applicant's probability of being selected. We found that, when credentials were the same, the applicant with a criminal record was unlikely to be hired. That applicant, however, could become likely to be hired (i.e., the likelihood crossed 50 percent) by having at least 1 year of relevant experience, a GED or a college degree, or references from a former employer or a professor. Incomplete degrees, references from criminal justice professionals, or wage discounts did not make the applicant with the record likely to be hired. Findings confirm that a criminal record carries a high employability cost but also indicate that this cost can be superseded by specific credentials that signal an applicant's reliability, which can be provided by existing programs and institutions.     

天水市就业形势分析

本文对天水市城乡就业形势进行了分析,并结合当地的实际情况,提出在发展经济的同时,应该更加重视就业问题。     

Preventing Homelessness for System‐Involved Youth

Too many youth and young adults find themselves on the streets, couch‐surfing with friends, in emergency shelters or worse, after exiting the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. In some circumstances, youth have had court hearings until their exit from the legal system, but those hearings have not focused on long‐range plans of youth and emergencies youth may encounter. In other circumstances, there has been little or no planning prior to discharge, especially for young people who leave the juvenile justice system. Courts can and should prevent, alleviate or end youth homelessness for youth who appear before them through strategies that are enumerated in the recently‐passed NCJFCJ resolution. This article expounds on three of these strategies – coordinating transition and re‐entry plans, insisting on effective legal representation of youth, and utilizing sound judicial leadership. It also describes the concurrent efforts of the Coalition for Juvenile Justice and the American Bar Association's Homeless Youth Legal Network to remove legal barriers and improve outcomes for youth and young adults experiencing homelessness.