我国涉网约工类新就业形态劳动争议问题研究

随着数字经济的飞速发展,网约用工模式越来越普遍,我国涉网约工劳动争议日益凸显,已成为影响劳动关系和谐的突出新问题之一。网约用工因其保留了一定的劳动关系特征,又与劳务关系、承揽关系等民事法律关系具有一定的相似性,加上相关法律法规滞后和电子证据适用较难,以及网约工群体的规模性和劳动方式的相似性等原因,使涉网约工劳动争议与传统劳动争议相比,具有争议焦点新、涉案主体多、争议解决难、社会影响大等典型特征。为促进劳动关系和谐稳定和数字经济的持续健康发展,本研究建议:各级党政、互联网平台及关联用工企业、相关行业协会、网约工及工会组织共同参与,科学合理化解矛盾,形成共建共享共治、高效化解相关劳动争议的新格局。     

国外大学生就业模式及其对我国的借鉴意义

西方国家大学曾出现过大学生“就业难”问题。西方国家在国家宏观政策、高校加强就业指导两个层面促进了大学生就业。政府直接、间接创造就业岗位,制定了促进大学生就业的综合治理政策体系,对提高大学毕业生就业率起到了重要作用。我国应积极从国外大学生就业政策中寻求借鉴。     

Regularization of Irregular Migrants and Social Policies: Comparative Perspectives

Abstract

This paper examines the social policy implications of the regularization of irregular immigrants. As an act of legal integration regularization arguably is about irregular migrants’ inclusion into mainstream social and legal structures and, as a corollary, has important implications for migrants’ access to social rights. Based on a recent comparative study of regularizations and their impact in seven EU Member-States, the study finds that access to social rights associated with regularizations indeed are reported as the most important impacts of regularization by regularized migrants themselves, next to access to work and related welfare entitlements.     

反就业歧视举证责任探微

反就业歧视举证责任配置理论包括差别对待理论和差别结果理论。我国现行反就业歧视举证责任制度存在专门立法缺失、可操作性缺乏等问题,因此,应制定专门的禁止就业歧视法律,完善现行的反就业歧视单行法律,循序渐进地构建就业歧视诉讼体系,充分发挥社会组织在公益诉讼中的作用,并设立独立的反就业歧视监督和执行机构,以有效地实施法律。     

外发工厂:拆分型劳动体制下留守女工的兼业生产

在产业转移和劳动力转移的大背景下,沿海地区代工产业如电子、玩具等劳动密集型订单开始向内地转移外发,吸引了大量农村留守妇女参与到生产中。这些妇女在拆分型劳动体制下不得不从打工地返回家乡,承担起照顾家庭的重任。女工的兼业工作对于建构自我认同以及提升其家庭地位和社会地位有很大的帮助。同时,妇女的兼业生产具有脆弱性,它不仅体现在订单的不稳定方面,更体现在国家和地方政府的政策保护不足方面。因此,要从根本上改变这种局面,必须落实农民工融入城市、加快农民工市民化等相关政策,推进城市政府公共服务均等化工作,让农民工家庭能够全面享受城市公共服务,以化解拆分型劳动体制所带来的社会问题。     

“[It's] what you do after the mistake that counts”: Positive employment credentials,criminal record stigma,and potential pathways of mediation

The findings from prior research indicate that positive credentials, or documentation of prosocial accomplishments, can vary in strength and perceived value in mitigating aversions to hiring individuals with criminal records. In the current study, we examine why certain types of positive credentials may be more influential in reducing stigma than others. Using data from a nationwide survey of American adults (N = 3,476), we combine a mediation analysis with content-coding of open-ended responses to identify key themes and patterns in decision processes. The results indicate the factors examined here—employee dependability, trustworthiness, recidivism risk, and workplace crime—explain a large proportion of the total effect across credentials and are the strongest for reference letters. Trustworthiness is the most influential mediator across credentials, whereas general recidivism risk is consistently the lowest. An analysis of open-ended responses provides further context and insight into these patterns. Although policy strategies often target risk reduction on the employer's end, credentials that also relay information about skills, character, and the timeline of recent life events are especially influential.     

高校共青团组织服务大学生就业创业的思考

服务大学生就业创业已成为高校团组织的重点工作。新形势下,高校共青团应充分利用自身的职责优势、组织优势、工作优势和平台优势,以团课教育为平台,引导学生树立正确的就业创业观;以竞赛活动为平台,提升学生就业创业的能力与素质;以社会实践为平台,拓宽学生就业创业的途径与渠道;以团属媒体为平台,营造学生就业创业的良好氛围。     

基于能力提升的高校就业指导途径研究

大学生就业难的主要原因之一是大学生自身就业能力不足。高校就业指导课在培养大学生就业能力方面存在着纵向设置不合理、横向互动较缺乏的问题。针对以上问题,高校就业指导课程应遵循系统性与阶段性相结合、灵活与创造相结合、有效性与针对性相结合的原则,采用模式创新为基础、机制培育为核心、资源对接为重点的途径,逐步解决这些问题。     

Study on Application of DEA in the Evaluation of Employment Performance of University Graduates

With more and more attention being paid to the employment problem of university students, the employment quality and employment performance evaluation of university graduates has become a hot topic of discussion. As the evaluation of employment quality and employment performance is a multidimensional and comprehensive evaluation and difficult to measure with a single indicator, this paper establishes a set of performance evaluation index system on the basis of taking into account all stakeholders and divides them into two categories: input and output. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation index of employment performance is obtained with the use of the data envelopment analysis model.     

论平等就业权的司法救济

中国现行反就业歧视法律制度被视为特别的私法制度,平等就业权司法救济实践中呈现出来的诸多问题亟须通过制定专门的《反就业歧视法》予以解决。反就业歧视法属于以保护他人利益为目的的行为法,平等就业权的法益结构是人格尊严与就业机会两位一体的利益集合。平等就业权争议应当属于劳动法领域的特殊侵权纠纷,适用劳动争议处理程序。中国反就业歧视法应当建立举证责任转移制度和抗辩制度,将就业机会纳入损害赔偿范围,将强制缔约设定为独立的责任类型,并按照保护法益建立相应的损害赔偿制度。