前行中的困顿:京都时代与后京都时代的俄罗斯气候环境外交

2010年底的坎昆会议见证了气候谈判的紧张程度,各国出于各自的利益考虑,艰难地达成了两项应对气候变化的决议,推动气候谈判进程继续向前。京都议定书的第一阶段即将结束,未来的环境合作如何进行,仍旧是一个变数。作为气候环境领域的一个参与者,俄罗斯的作用不可低估。但是,俄罗斯的气候环境外交却显示出矛盾的特色,这不仅表现在签署京都议定书的立场上前后变化较大,而且表现在俄罗斯政府对温室气体减排的态度上。从京都时代和后京都时代的转型过程看,俄罗斯气候环境外交的特点可以概括为"断裂与延续",即断裂的立场和连续的利益战略,国内国际的分离与一致,单边与多边的断裂与全球领导的一致性。这些因素长期影响着俄罗斯气候环境外交的思维,并呈现出前行中困顿的状态。     

Elite-led development and Mexico’s independent coffee organisations in the wake of the rust epidemic

Abstract

Between 2012 and 2016 a virulent strain of coffee rust reduced Mexican yields by more than 50%, and it is still devastating production. The government has responded by replacing traditional arabica plants vulnerable to the pathogen with resistant, high-yielding varieties to recover the sector and encourage long-term adaptation to a disease that cannot be eradicated. However, this contribution will attempt to show that the intractable nature of the epidemic and the biological characteristics of resistant varieties threaten the survival of independent coffee organisations and their agroecological shade coffee systems. With little or no possibility of recovering production without the use of resistant plants, the alternative production and marketing models that these organisations have constructed over the past three decades face unprecedented challenges.     

试析攻坚阶段全面深化改革的命脉性与根本性

中国当下的改革已经进入攻坚阶段。攻坚阶段改革的命运始终掌握在人民手中,必须始终保持与人民群众的血肉联系,使人民群众真正成为改革的坚定维护者与支持者。     

回应型司法制度的现实演进与理性构建——一个实践合理性的分析

回应型司法,是司法机关对社会诉求所作出的回答或响应。回应型司法具有主动性、灵活性、参与性、民主性。回应型司法追求实质合理和形式合理的融合、目的合理和结果合理的统一、主体合理和行为合法的统一。在制度建构方面,回应型司法的基本理念是体现适度回应的渐进改革,通过建立满足社会主体多样需求的程序体系,建立通畅、理性的沟通与回应渠道,促使中国司法走出目前的困境。     

The Pinjarra Massacre Site Project

SUMMARY

The work described in this article came about as a result of the author's doctoral studies. What began as a program of action research developed into concrete social action dealing with issues of social justice and reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups in a town in Australia's Southwest. The strong collaborative partnerships that developed during the research process led to employment on a project concerned with promoting the recognition of a massacre of local Indigenous people in the early days of European invasion. While a community psychologist was not necessarily the obvious person for the job, the article demonstrates how key principles of community psychology guided the project, and were in fact vital for its success.     

气候变化政治角力的司法制衡

当政治程序难以解决国内应对气候变化行动中的价值冲突和利益纠葛时,寻求司法救济已成趋势。法院介入国内应对气候变化而引发的纠纷,对案件作出裁判,必然涉及政治立场的选择,与其他政治力量形成互动关系。为了避免法院角色正当性之争,美国联邦法院形成了将政治目标寓于规范阐释、避免作出全输全赢的判决等司法策略,实现了支持环境保护的政治目的。面对正在出现的气候变化行政诉讼,我国可以借鉴美国的经验,在法律规范容许的解释空间内运用司法策略化解难题,而不能依赖不予立案加以回避。     

Better Government

The decline in future trend economic growth coupled with the ever increasing demands of an ageing population mean the public sector will need to deliver better for less. This will require a smarter bureaucracy using the latest behavioural advances and using wellbeing as a measure of success. Spending will need to be directed more to prevention rather than cure. Radical tax and benefit reform is needed to make work pay and offset the rise in inequality. Decision making could be improved by attracting more diverse, experienced people into politics by, for example, more use of open primaries, a level playing field for independent candidates and better training. Ministers could be set proper objectives and have constructive appraisals. A proposed Office of Taxpayer Responsibility could screen policies to avoid the worst ones, backed by no evidence, from being introduced as it is very hard to abolish bad policies.     

社会阶层变化对新时期党群关系的挑战

新时期以来,社会阶层的分化对马克思主义执政党如何在新的历史条件下保持同人民群众的血肉联系提出了挑战。阶层利益的冲突、价值取向的多元、执政基础的流失、社会资源的配置考验着我们党的整合能力、领导能力和领导方式。正确认识这些挑战是坚持党的群众路线、增强新时期党的凝聚力和影响力的必然要求。     

区域贸易协定“竞争性自由化”辨析

在WTO多哈回合持续停滞的现状下,RTAs(区域贸易协定)"竞争性自由化"态势持续升温。但由于制度成本的存在、主导国家力量的局限以及各国利益的殊异,各个RTA之间的融合相当困难,从而"竞争性自由化"无法最终实现全球贸易自由化,而且还存在南北国家利益不对称的明显弊端。为避免国际贸易格局的过度破碎化,各国一方面应推动RTA原产地规则的功能性整合,并促进各个RTA之间以及WTO与RTAs之间的经贸政策对话,另一方面仍应努力推动WTO多边自由化进程,促进多边化与区域化协调发展。     

非制度化的利益表达：对农村集体行动的思考——以H县北村为例

对一桩非制度化集体行动的经验考察发现，非制度化的利益表达是一种兼具理性和危险性的集体行动，它是在缺乏制度化利益表达机制时在体制外生成的。其生成的原因是，市场经济条件下地方政府一农民之间关系的转变；以及利益分离的制度结构的存在。