Historical Factors,Institutional Changes and Modern Commercial Spirit

The paper makes an empirical research on the impact of historical factors on modern commercial spirit based on the panel data of provincial level in China. Empirical research shows that, in areas with richer initial endowment of commercial activities, it is more conducive to cultivate and propagate the modern commercial spirit, and the unobserved fixed effects can be explained about 32.8%—40% by the initial endowment of commercial activities. Various robustness tests show that, compared with regions with slower market-oriented institutional change process, the initial endowment of commercial activities can promote modern commercial spirit stronger in regions with faster market-oriented institutional change process. In order to weaken the endogenous problem that may affect the estimation results, this paper uses instrumental variables of the initial endowment of commercial activities, but estimation results once again confirms the above conclusion.     

美国贸易政策制定的宪政体制论

美国贸易政策制定权力由《美国宪法》明确界定,所以开启贸易自由化的＂1934年体制＂本质上是一个宪政体制。该体制的形成是基于后危机时代重构政治平衡与摆脱经济危机的现实需要,而其变迁是围绕国会＂授权-控权或监督＂的宪政路径展开的,并由贸易保护主义力量与自由贸易主义力量之间的宪政博弈推动的。这种宪政博弈实质上是在特定历史条件下的一种贸易立法博弈,而具体表现为推动贸易自由化的＂四位一体＂制度架构。对正在积极推进贸易自由化的中国而言,这种源于宪政博弈的贸易制度创新实践可资借鉴之处主要在于两个方面,即后危机时代贸易自由化立法范式的创新和自由贸易与不公平贸易二分法的立法体例的引入。     

共同遗嘱公证实务探究

法律迄今尚无明文规定共同遗嘱,现实中有申请共同遗嘱公证的需求。故此,须对此问题进行法理分析和探究,明确共同遗嘱公证的主体和范围,对遗嘱的撤销、变更及生效亦须设置条件。     

Making Institutions in Central and Eastern Europe,and the Impact of Europe

The end of communism in Central and Eastern Europe offered the region a unique opportunity for institutional redesign. Thanks to the variety of historical experiences, inherited structures, transition paths and deal sweeteners during the round-table talks, post-communist Europe initially witnessed much institutional diversity. Throughout the course of the past decade, however, there has been a notable convergence of institutional designs across the region. The process of convergence has been, in part, a response to domestic political concerns, but the demands of the European Union have also played a role. This article plots the course of institutional development in the region, outlining some of the major cases of institutional redesign and highlighting both the positive and negative impact of 'Europe' on the process.     

中国民营企业三次创业将面临的变革

中国民营企业在第三次创业中,正面临着从个人、家族式企业向经理式企业转变;从投机主义的短期行为向稳健发展的长期行为转变;从本土化、封闭型向国际化、开放型转化;企业经营目标与经营理念的转变等一系列变革.为实现上述转变必须创造良好的内外部条件,使民营企业的发展步入良性发展的轨道.     

治安管理处罚制度的完善

《治安管理处罚法》具有"适应形势、宽严适度;强化监督、人文关怀"的特点,符合中国国情,能够适应公安机关加强治安管理的需要,也符合宪法关于尊重和保障人权的精神,有利于防止侵犯公民权利.新法之于旧法,在立法原则、处罚的种类和适用、违反治安管理行为的种类、处罚程序以及执法监督等方面都有了很大的变化.     

论唐宋时期茶业经济发展与社会变迁

我国的茶叶生产历史悠久。进入唐宋以来,茶业成为社会经济的新兴产业,发展十分迅速。茶业经济的异军突起,对唐宋社会变迁产生了深远影响。茶业不仅大大促进了唐宋商品经济的发展,增强了商品经济的力量,而且促进了社会制度的变革和文化的快速发展。     

Contextualising Regional Innovation Systems in a Globalising Learning Economy: On Knowledge Bases and Institutional Frameworks

In order to advance the understanding of which types of regional innovation system represent effective innovation support for what kinds of industry in different regions analyses must be contextualized by reference to the actual knowledge base of various industries as well as to the regional and national institutional framework, which strongly shape the innovation processes of firms. Of special importance is the linkage between the larger institutional frameworks of the national innovation and business systems, and the character of regional innovation systems. In making the arguments about a general correspondence between the macro-institutional characteristics of the economy and the dominant form and character of its regional innovation systems a link is provided to the literature on ‘varieties of capitalism’ and national business systems.     

加强行业自律 构建和谐医患关系

近些年来，医患关系紧张，医疗纠纷频发。医院本该是人们抵抗重大疾病灾害、托付生命的地方，却因医患矛盾和纠纷的不断出现，导致医院形象和口碑严重受损，乃至无法正常运转。医患关系是最基本的民生问题，这个问题严重影响了医疗秩序和社会秩序，给医院管理带来很大困难。那么如何构建和谐医患关系？本文通过整形医院管理者们所采取的一系列措施，探讨医院只有转变行业作风，加强行业自律，才是构建和谐医患关系行之有效的办法的理论和实践意义。     

Mind the (Mobilization) Gap: Comparing Climate Activism in the United States and European Union

The barriers to concerted political action on climate change mitigation are steep, especially in multilevel systems where power is diffused and authority contested. This article seeks to explain how mobilization—galvanizing resources and people to participate actively—occurs in complex multilevel systems. It compares two different polities—the United States and the European Union—to tease out the key features of multilevel systems and how they affect climate activism and mobilization. To capture this dynamic, it proposes a three‐staged model of mobilization: awareness building, alliance building, and network creation. The latter stage features “mobilization networks”—stakeholder networks able to transcend levels and institutional inertia and steer polities toward particular climate goals. The article demonstrates how each stage of mobilization is highly contingent on stakeholders' ability to exploit—or at least navigate—multilevel institutional barriers.