中国共产党党建思想发展研究

建党90年来,党的历代领导核心都对党的建设进行了艰辛的探索,并形成宝贵的党建思想。这些思想既一脉相承又各有侧重,毛泽东在全面推进基础上突出思想建党,邓小平在解放思想基础上突出制度建党,江泽民在与时俱进基础上突出执政建党,胡锦涛在科学发展基础上强调学习建党,结合时代发展总结历代领导核心的党建重点思想对于总结党建规律具有极其重要的理论意义和现实意义。     

Friction Marks of Stabbing Tools in Tires

When receiving a stabbed tire for examination, forensic toolmark examiners can determine whether a suspect tool was used in a specific crime based on class-characteristics and individual-characteristics marks that have been left by the tool on the tire. This study discusses friction marks and their forensic value during the examination of a punctured tire. The term friction mark refers to the noticeable mark around the penetration area on a tire's surface. Tires designed to create high friction when contacting a road. Due to this design, friction is created between the stabbing tool shank and the sides of the hole. As a result of this friction, the shank of the stabbing tool wears the outer layer of tire around the hole. This leaves a friction mark whose general shape reflects the cross-sectional shape of the stabbing tool’s shank. This phenomenon was observed and named by Locke (7) in his evaluation of tire puncture marks with knives. This article demonstrates the same phenomenon with other types of stabbing tools. Test stabs were produced with different tools representing a variety of cross-sectional shapes of shanks, and the resulting friction marks were photo-documented and discussed. Correlations between the various cross-sectional shapes and their corresponding friction marks are shown. Based on friction mark examination, the examiner: (i) can infer suspect tool shank cross-sectional shape with the evaluation of the friction mark shape and (ii) can deduce the maximum dimensions of the shank. This examination simplifies and accelerates the forensic comparison procedure and the investigation time.     

Institutional Reform and Social Changes in Northeast China During the Late Qing: A Case Study of Appeal Trials

Institutional reform and social changes in northeast China during the late Qing period are usually attributed to the Qing dynasty changing its policy on immigration to northeast China. However, institutional reform because of debt appeals between civilian creditors and the Mongolian princes is often overlooked. Using administrative cases from Fengtian Governor Archives and Kirin Prefecture Archives, this study identifies how the governor officers of northeast China changed Mongolian land rights and official finance institutions through appeal judgments in the late Qing dynasty. Appeals were related to Mongolian land rights reform and promoted the financial institutional reform in northeast China. This study concludes by arguing that the judgments affected the profits of the litigants and changed the local society.     

国际民用航空组织争端解决机制司法化改革论析

1944年《芝加哥公约》第18章赋予国际民用航空组织理事会裁判与公约的解释与适用有关的国际争端的权能。但过往裁判实践表明,国际民用航空组织争端解决机制的结构性缺陷导致理事会司法功能未有效发挥。一方面,《芝加哥公约》第54条与第84条存在适用冲突,使得理事会在实践中更愿意以政治角色介入争端解决,导致《解决分歧规则》的司法效能被弱化。另一方面,理事会成员国代表司法能力不足且缺乏司法中立性,使得理事会对争端的解决难以提供高效的法律产出。国际民用航空组织应在2018年所启动《解决分歧规则》修订进程中对争端解决机制进行司法化改革,避免国际民用航空业沦为国际政治对抗的工具。     

侨务工作转型与政府机构改革刍议

该文通过对新形势下侨务工作实际的分析,指出侨务工作的主体应由政府机构转型为群团组织,并对侨联进一步完善功能、切实发挥为侨服务的作用提出建议。     

制度反腐：转型期腐败治理新效能

更加注重制度建设,拓展从源头上防治腐败工作,这是从根本上加强反腐倡廉建设,从源头上解决腐败问题的必然选择。构建制度反腐体系是提高中国共产党执政能力的内在要求,也是建设廉洁政府的必然选择。加强反腐倡廉制度建设,在完善和创新制度的同时,还要在增强制度的执行力上下功夫,这就要突破儒家传统政治文化,秉持反腐制度设计＂无赖原则＂;弥补制度建设先天性不足,构建操作性强的反腐制度;推进法理型反腐路线,提升反腐制度建设的严密性。     

Overlapping International Regimes: The Case of the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF) between Climate Change and Biodiversity

A great number of organisations and actors are participating in a plethora of international and regional fora geared towards the forest issue. Are there inherent traits about how these fora interact that can increase understanding about why the forest issue seems largely to be at a standstill? In this article I focus on the final meeting of the Intergovernmental Forum on Forests (IFF-4) and examine the overlap with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the overlap with the Climate Change Convention (UNFCCC). How have the overlaps between these international fora been dealt with and why has one led to linkages while the other has not?

     

从剪切痕迹区别钢丝钳种类

对不同产地的八个品牌钢丝钳的外刃侧加工花纹特征及其在剪切痕迹中的反映作了研究.总结出了各品牌钢丝钳特征的差异,达到了区分的目的.为钢丝钳种类推断提供了一种确实可行的方法.     

人权的制度表达

人权的制度表达实为以一套逻辑化和实证化的权利运行机制贯彻和推行一定的人权观念和人权理论。实证化的人权形态主要包括 :作为自由主义人权观制度化表达的公民权利和政治权利 ;作为社群主义人权观制度化表达的经济权利、社会权利和文化权利 ;以及作为人权制度新进展的发展权和环境权。     

中国法治政体的始创辛亥政治革命的法治论剖析与省思

法治政体理论在根本上把法治理解为,只有立宪政体才会要求并实现法律统治的一个政体问题。建立民主立宪的法治政体是辛亥政治革命的目标。为达成这一目标,民国初年的《临时约法》等法律初步构建了中华民国法治政体的雏形,但这一政体也陷入多重困厄之中。孙中山等人对这一政体及其困厄进行了富有价值的探索与反思。从法治政体理论及民初缔造法治政体的实践出发,可以对治法型法治的思想观念进行比较性的检视。