Political Bases for the Dissolution of a Public Corporation: A Nigérian Case

All social theory emphasises that institutions universally play a crucial role in organising the ways in which people live together. At the same time the concept is vaguely defined and used in different ways. Inspired by the pragmatic sociology of critique, we emphasise how institutions enable people and things to hold together and provide important references for action in settings with limited predictability for everyday life. We first analyse how the concept of institutions has been used in scholarship on land tenure in Sudan. We then suggest, using a case study, that increased attention to the different ways in which actors validate or challenge institutions helps to examine the precariousness of institutional orders in the Sudans. This can move Sudan Studies beyond some of the limitations of previous scholarship, such as a tendency towards interpretations that reiterate institutions as timeless, discrete and immutable units such as “traditional” or “modern”.     

关于党的制度建设科学化的三个维度

在加强和改进党的建设新形势下,党的制度建设科学化不但是党的建设的客观要求,而且在提高党的建设科学化水平过程中扮演着越来越重要的角色。自然而然党的制度建设如何科学化的问题不但成为制度建设,而且成为党的建设的重大问题被提上日程。在党的制度建设科学化过程中要注重党的制度建设的三个维度,即系统性、时代性和公开性。     

制度经济学视野下的语言问题研究

很多经济学家和语言学家都主张在制度经济学框架内研究语言问题,这仅揭示了语言所具备的制度属性,并没有回答如何用制度经济学的理论和方法来研究语言的具体问题。本文基于对制度经济学中制度本质的考察和对既有相关研究成果的梳理,提出从制度经济学视角来研究语言问题的可行性路径,以弥补语言问题研究在制度维度的缺憾。     

工具性价值与终极价值的统一——德育价值功能的再认识

工具性价值的过度强化带来了德育认识与理解上的种种误区,致使现实德育的低效。简单的、绝对的社会本位立场是工具性价值过度强化的根源。终极价值的介入会形成＂个人——社会＂本位立场,从而带来德育理念、内容与范式的根本性转变。工具性价值与终极价值的统一,是当今德育价值功能充分发挥的前提,也是德育实效性提高的必然要求。     

论我国行政服务中心的制度困境及其破解

行政服务中心是新公共管理理论在我国的实践模式。它体现了生产者社会向顾客社会的角色转换;承载了由行政审批到市民服务的核心功能。制度困境是行政服务中心的根本制约因素,包括合法性与合理性的纠结,机构性质不明确和机构职能模糊。进行制度创新是根本出路：通过行政服务中心的组织法和程序法确立中心的合法地位;确定行政服务中心性质为常设性行政机构;合理设定中心的职能边界。     

The Historical Roots of ‘Neo’-Conservativism

Analysis of recovery from internal conflict has neglected difficult, but evident, problems of regime resistance to refurbishment of state institutions. How widespread is such resistance, what are its causes and how might it be remedied? Frequently the problem is attributed to ‘lack of political will’ but that generality raises more questions than answers. This article investigates manifestations of regime resistance to institutional refurbishment, how they buttress the pursuit of private interest to the detriment of collective need, and the difficult challenges confronting reform processes whether driven by internal political demand or forms of external assistance. The thesis advanced is that institutional refurbishment within states recovering from internal conflict is critically dependent on intermediate relationships that evolve between ruling authorities and their publics. Here the organization and management of public grievances is critical.     

论人民政协在政治协商中的双重功能

人民政协在政治协商中具有主体地位和制度平台的双重功能。在实践中,主体地位表现为"与人民政协的协商",制度性平台的作用表现为"在人民政协的协商",同时,人民政协在政治协商中具有的双重功能是有机统一、相辅相成的。这双重功能是中共老一辈领导人的科学设计,自党的十一届三中全会以来得到继续坚持和发扬光大,它顺应了我国政治制度的内在要求。     

制约和监督权力的三大对策

腐败的实质就是公共权力的非公共运用,即被用来谋取私人利益。防止公共权力非公共运用的关键之点,是对权力实施制约和监督。实现对权力的制约和监督,应做到以法制权、以德制权、以权制权和以民制权。具体来说可从三个方面着手:一是筑牢思想防线。要激发领导干部自我制约和自我监督的内在自觉性,在思想上筑牢道德防线、纪律防线和法律防线。二是推进阳光用权。让权力在阳光下运行,接受民主监督,从而得到公众的理解和支持,赢得公众的信赖和拥护。三是坚持制度管权。制度管权是法治国家制约权力的通行法则,制度要具体实在,针对问题、解决问题,并且确保执行,只有这样才能做到把权力关进制度的笼子里。     

论行政法关系的设定权

行政法关系的设定权与立法机关表达国家意志的权力是同一范畴的东西。行政法关系的设定权是能够由设定主体直接确定相关权利与义务的权力。这种权力与行政主体的一般行政管理权存在较大差别,其在我国行政法治中具有非常重要的地位。行政法关系设定权有相应的制度构设,用法律手段对这一权力加以调整。在设定权的法律调控价值上,应选择限权式价值;在设定权的法律形式上,最好能够通过一部法典将行政法关系的设定权予以规定;在设定权的主体权限上,必须以实体权限的规定为核心,形式要件以实体要件为转移;在设定权的程序规则上,必须有程序上的保障机制。     

A method for studying knife tool marks on bone

The characteristics of knife tool marks retained on hard tissues can be used to outline the shape and angle of a knife. The purpose of this study was to describe such marks on bone tissues that had been chopped with knives. A chopping stage with a gravity accelerator and a fixed bone platform was designed to reconstruct the chopping action. A digital microscope was also used to measure the knife angle (θ) and retained V-shape tool mark angle (ψ) in a pig skull. The κ value (elasticity coefficient; θ/ψ) was derived and recorded after the knife angle (θ) and the accompanied velocity were compared with the proportional impulsive force of the knife and ψ on the bone. The constant impulsive force revealed a correlation between the V-shape tool mark angle (ψ) and the elasticity coefficient (κ). These results describe the tool marks--crucial in the medicolegal investigation--of a knife on hard tissues.