MARKETIZED MENTALITY,COMPETITIVE/EGOISTIC SCHOOL CULTURE,AND DELINQUENT ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR: AN APPLICATION OF INSTITUTIONAL ANOMIE THEORY*

We analyze the individual‐level and school‐level determinants of delinquency through the lens of a macro‐sociological theory of crime—institutional anomie theory (IAT). The concept of a “marketized mentality” is introduced as a predictor of students’ delinquency, along with an egoistic/competitive school culture—a feature of the school community. Five hypotheses pertaining to the readiness to use violence and self‐reported delinquency were assessed using multilevel modeling with data from a survey in Germany for 4,150 students clustered in 69 schools. The results largely meet theoretical expectations. The measure of marketized mentality exhibits robust relationships with both forms of delinquency at the individual level, and an egoistic/competitive school culture helps explain variation in levels of these forms of delinquency across schools. Also consistent with expectations, the anti‐social effects of marketized mentality are accentuated for both the readiness to use violence and committing instrumentally motivated property offenses as a competitive/egoistic school climate increases. The results of our analyses reveal that bringing in concepts of IAT can appreciably enhance understanding of the characteristics of students and features of communal school organization that are conducive to youthful offending.     

Online fraud victims’ experiences of participating in qualitative interviews

Institutional Review Boards often raise concerns about qualitative research with vulnerable populations such as crime victims, and assume that research with vulnerable populations will be distressing for participants. It is therefore vital to examine whether participants do in fact experience adverse effects stemming from their participation. The existing research is clear that some members of vulnerable populations do feel distressed when they participate in research; however, in most cases, this distress is outweighed by the benefits of participation, such as a sense of having contributed to community awareness raising. This literature is, however, predominantly quantitative. In addition, it overwhelmingly focuses on violent trauma, providing no insight into participants’ experiences of research on non-violent traumatic events. The current study addresses these shortcomings by examining the research participation experiences of victims of online fraud. Specifically, an online questionnaire designed to elicit qualitative data was administered to victims of online fraud who had previously participated in a semi-structured qualitative interview. Among other findings, the study suggests that perceptions about the outcomes of research, in addition to the research process, influence victims’ satisfaction with their participation in qualitative research.     

我国知识产权制度建设成效及问题实证分析——兼论我国知识产权对外交往策略

我国现代知识产权制度建设始于改革开放初期,经过30余年发展,已成为现代社会一种重要的无形财产权制度.统计数据和计量经济分析表明,我国的专利、商标和著作权制度已走上正轨,发挥着正当的制度功能,但其中存在的问题,如知识产权法实施难仍需得到正视和理性解决.对知识产权制度成效的客观评价是中国知识产权对外交往策略的基础.应保持必要的自信心,不妄自菲薄,积极采取主动与防御结合的策略,以免在知识产权对外交往中进退失据,陷于被动.尊重知识产权制度的内在逻辑,防止冒进,拒绝外部干扰,将有助于知识产权制度理性发展.     

汉语语法研究与“赵元任传统”

两千余年的汉语语法研究史可以概括为三大传统:小学传统、马建忠传统和赵元任传统.小学传统是汉语语法研究的根基所在;马建忠传统借鉴西洋语法学框架,初步建立起汉语语法学体系;赵元任传统借鉴结构主义语言学方法,使汉语语法研究更加精密化、科学化.融合三个传统,吸纳西方语言学最新成果,建立成熟的汉语语法学体系,是21世纪的艰巨课题.     

再论我国法律信仰的建立

法律信仰的建立是我国法学界探讨的热门问题,本文结合中外法学理论,通过对我国法律信仰缺失的原因分析,提出了以"追求法律的价值理性"来"建立法律信仰",并结合博弈论等分析工具,对提出这一观念的原因和对于我国法治建设的意义进行了阐述。     

Administrative leaders as institutional entrepreneurs in developing countries: A study of the development and institutionalization of performance management in Ghana's public service

Performance management (PM) has become one of the most important reforms in the public sector in both developed and developing countries. Unfortunately, institutionalizing PM in the sector continues to be a major problem. Although a number of scholars continue to study the PM in the public sector from different theoretical perspectives, there has been paucity of research concerning the process of institutionalization. The few studies that have attempted to look at the process have done so from a “coercive isomorphism” perspective, especially through legislation. The lack of studies to examine the process of institutionalization has therefore created a gap, which needs to be filled. We therefore attempt to contribute to this discussion by exploring the role of institutional entrepreneurs and their impact on the development and institutionalization of PM in developing countries, with a particular focus on Ghana, a country obsessed with PM but was only able to institutionalize one in 2013 under the leadership of its Public Services Commission. How was the leadership of the PSC able to succeed where previous leaders could not? What characteristics did they display, and what strategies did they use to get things done? The research is a qualitative one.     

政府工具识别分类新捋

识别分类是政府工具研究的基础工作,本文试图构建一个新的概念框架。依从强制性与非强制性的基本逻辑关系,在学界已有分类基础上,以规范作为基点,可以将法律、政策和制度作为同一类型的政府工具;基于行政法的特殊功用和与政府规制存在诸多交集的双重立意,可以将行政执法单列出来作为一类政府工具;此外,以非强制性作为主要特征,可以将市场化工具、社会化工具、道德教育工具和文化宣传工具归为综合性的政府工具。运用政府工具的重点在于选择,要控制好选择匹配的各种影响因素;要学会辩证思维,认真分析工具运用面临的挑战,积极寻求提升工具使用效能的路径。     

作为政府工具的隐私影响评估:缘起、价值、实施与启示

隐私影响评估作为政府保护公民隐私的重要工具,已在西方发达国家隐私管理实践中有着二十多年的应用与发展历程。西方隐私影响评估缘起于公众隐私保护诉求和政府隐私管理需要,在特定的政府信息数据管理项目中通过识别隐私风险因素、评估隐私风险影响和制定隐私风险应对方案发挥着一系列积极作用。隐私影响评估的实施分为准备阶段、分析阶段和落实阶段。准备阶段的任务是描述评估锚定项目、选择评估执行时机、确定评估执行主体和明确评估协商对象,分析阶段的任务是描述项目信息流动、识别项目隐私风险和制定风险应对方案,落实阶段的任务是发布隐私评估报告、实施风险应对方案和持续更新评估结果。西方隐私影响评估的丰富实践给我国制定隐私影响评估指南、设置隐私影响评估机构、构建多元主体协商机制和建立隐私风险管理体系提供了重要启示。     

从优势到效能：推进国家治理现代化的实践遵循

把制度优势更好转化为治理效能,是推进国家治理现代化的实践遵循。制度优势向治理效能转化,能够展现制度根本优势而优化治理结构,能够提升制度执行能力而优化治理功能,能够促使制度和制度执行能力充分结合以及制度建设和治理实践有效互动,从而整体上有力推进国家治理现代化。遵循把制度优势更好转化为治理效能这一实践取向,推进国家治理现代化,要依托由最大优势和显著优势共同构成的制度基础、由制度完善和现实发展共同构成的价值基础、由治理经验和主体创造共同构成的实践基础,坚持科学的实践进路,突出治理实践这一关键环节,通过三个阶段推进实践过程,基于十三个坚持和完善把握任务重点,不断实现制度优势更好向治理效能转化。     

《民法典·继承编》:编纂争议与制度抉择

《民法典·继承编》的编纂,关乎《民法典》编纂的体系与质量,牵涉我国现行《继承法》的理念传承与制度完善。若要编纂具有本国特色与本土情怀的《民法典·继承编》,则需关注继承民俗与继承习惯,回应继承需求与继承关切,借鉴域外继承立法的规范设计与制度走向。继承立法并非仅是单纯的制度架构与模式选择,而是融合了理念、传统、希冀、情怀的价值抉择与利益博弈。故《民法典·继承编》的编纂,应承担相应的道德责任与社会责任。即通过编纂定位,实现功用价值、追求内在价值;通过争议抉择,拓展法定继承顺序、调整直系姻亲的继承地位;通过制度补益,修正继承行为、更新继承习惯。