劳动力市场与劳动关系中的政府规制研究

如何更好地发挥政府的作用以维护劳动力市场与劳动关系的稳定和谐,对社会和经济发展具有重要意义。本研究基于制度经济学的观点,分析政府对劳动力市场与劳动关系中公平和效率的规制问题。本研究认为:政府规制是劳动力市场自由、高效运行的保障;劳动力市场失灵是企业存在和劳动关系产生的前提;政府规制可以提高劳动力市场和劳动关系中的效率,并解决其存在的公平问题。为进一步提升政府的规制效率,本研究建议:建立统一劳动力市场,消除市场分割;完善集体协商制度,促进工资形成机制;建立适应中国灵活性用工的劳动法规政策。     

刑事诉讼价值取向及其实现路径研究——基于我国现实国情的分析

现代法治理论认为,刑事诉讼的价值应该以人权保障和程序正义为应然取向,但是在我国具体的司法实践中,功利性质的"工具主义"却成为刑事诉讼价值的主导,理论和实践之间存在一定的缺口。立足于我国现实社会的复杂现状,我们应该对于刑事诉讼价值取向进行重新思考:纯粹的工具性价值理念已经跟不上时代的步伐,有必要对其进行否定性评价;程序正义和人权保障的保障性价值虽然是现代刑事诉讼价值的应然取向,但是在现阶段的中国法治建设的复杂现状中同样也没有市场,因此必须对两种价值观念的转化进行路径研究。具体思路是,通过制度设计全面"修正"司法实践中我们一向坚持的工具性价值理念、赋予辩护人以"实质辩护权",以推动刑事诉讼价值理念向程序正义和人权保障方向转变。     

政府诚信的新制度经济学分析

政府诚信指政府在履行职责的过程中,以诚实守信作为规范和约束自身行为的道德准则。既有的政府诚信研究主要基于行政伦理的分析,而通过外部性、交易费用、制度等新制度经济学的核心概念和理论对政府诚信以新的透视,有利于深化对政府诚信的认识,有利于提出矫治政府诚信缺失的对策。     

转型期中国行政审批制度变迁的制度环境分析

转型期中国行政审批制度变迁也不是简单的行政体系内部制度变革,而是在一定的外部制度环境的约束和要求下进行的,并且对其身处的制度环境起反作用。转型期中国行政审批制度变迁处于特定的经济、政治和法律、社会环境之中,这些环境因素构成转型期中国行政审批制度变迁的外在约束条件。由计划经济体制向市场经济体制转型、经济全球化的国际大背景及我国加入WTO的现实情势、信息技术的发展和普及、政治和法律环境的变化、社会主义意识形态的发展等方面制度环境的变化,构成了转型期我国行政审批制度变迁的外部动力。     

党的制度建设科学化与从严治党

制度建设科学化是从严治党的内在要求。针对中国共产党目前制度建设中存在的制度体系不衔接不配套、不具操作性、缺乏强有力的监控系统等方面的问题,落实从严治党的方针就要建立一套完整科学的制度体系,加强制度执行过程中的监督和控制并培养强化科学化的制度意识。     

How much power do oppositions have? Comparing the opportunity structures of parliamentary oppositions in 21 democracies

A political system cannot be imagined without opposition. Despite this crucial position in politics, political science has largely neglected to study oppositions. Attempting to fill this gap, this article analyses the institutional opportunities of parliamentary oppositions. It offers a parsimonious framework by distinguishing two dimensions of opposition influence: some institutions enable oppositions to control governments, while others offer opportunities to present alternatives. A comparison of oppositions’ opportunities in 21 democracies shows that countries fall into four groups along these dimensions: in majoritarian democracies, weak control mechanisms are countered by excellent opportunities to publicise alternatives. Consociational democracies are characterised by strong control mechanisms, but provide only weak opportunities to present alternatives. Moreover, in Southern Europe, control mechanisms and opportunities to present alternatives are weak, while both are pronounced in Nordic Europe. The results are summarised in three indices that can easily be applied in future research examining oppositions and their power.     

Democracy, Sea Power and Institutional Change: An Economic Analysis of the Athenian Naval Law

The present essay attempts to test the validity of the theory of institutional change based on the concept of property rights, in the remote historical setting of Classical Athens. The Naval Law introduced by Themistocles in 483-2 BC, established the institution of trierarchy to produce warships to face the Persian invaders. This reform led to the first attempt to define the costs and benefits of public goods in the field of national defense. Thus, institutional change in Ancient Athens, through an efficient arrangement of property rights and duties, had long-term consequences on economic performance, creating a new growth path and ensuring economic prosperity and social justice for more than 150 years.     

和谐社会与工具理性和道德理性的统一

构建社会主义和谐社会要求在现代化进程中实现社会和谐,这就需要实现工具理性和道德理性的对立统一。其中,充分发掘传统文化中具有强大生命力的思想资源,提高全民族之素质,成为一种必然的选择。     

区域经济一体化时代的东北亚区域经济合作

20世纪90年代以来世界区域经济一体化进程的加快,使东北亚区域经济合作面临新的机遇与挑战。适应区域经济一体化大发展的时代要求,我们必须积极探索21世纪东北亚区域合作的新途径。在东北亚地区经济合作的模式选择上,应该遵循时间上的渐次性和空间上的层次性相结合的方针,首先加快中、日、韩3国的制度性合作,使之成为东北亚区域经济合作的核心和先导,然后再向全区扩展。当然,只有充分利用好各种有利因素,才能使合作展现出光明的前景。     

Back to Basics: A Theory of the Emergence of Institutional Facts

In order to account for the mode of existence of social rules and norms, the author develops a theory of the emergence of institutional facts. Just as other kinds of institutional fact, rules and norms are meanings. Therefore, insight into the emergence of social rules and norms can be achieved by studying the recognition and the communication of meanings. Following accounts of meaning and factuality, institutional facts are characterized as unquestionable shared typifications. It is argued that, in becoming an institutional fact, a typification goes through two phases. First, it becomes a social habit. Second, this habit turns into an obligation by being objectified.