中国高校考试制度改革初探

考试是高等学校教学工作的重要环节。中国高校现行课程考试制度存在着形式单一、内容陈腐、试题质量不高、教师自由空间小等弊端,严重影响了高校教学质量,应予改革。要树立科学的考试观念,明确考试目标,丰富考试形式,更新考试内容,以培养高素质的人才。     

知识分子与戊戌变法

戊戌变法作为中国新兴的资产阶级及其知识分子进行政治变革的初次尝试,只存在了很短时间,它的失败延缓了中国的近代化,然而,它的影响并不因它的失败而告终结。戊戌时期所介绍的西方学术思想,适应了由物质层面改革向制度层面改革转变时期的社会需要,打击了“君权神授”思想,唤醒了人民的自主意识和竞争精神,为民主的变政方向提供了理论依据。     

从“工学界限”到“打成一片”——中国共产党建党前后深入工人群众的实践经验及启示

五四时期,随着“劳工神圣”思潮的风行,“与劳工为伍”成为响应时代潮流的呼声。从北京大学平民教育讲演团深入工农群众开展讲演,到具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子在长辛店开办劳动补习学校,再到中国劳动组合书记部北方分部以长辛店工运工作为基础向北方各地工人组织扩展,整个过程充分展现了中国共产党在建党前后深入群众问题上的探索和实践情况。其中,“工学界限”问题曾一度影响了革命宣传和组织深入。面对这个问题,早期共产党人坚持以马克思主义为指导,坚定深入工人群众的工作方向,踏实、务实、创造性地开展了一系列实践探索,最终弥合了工学界限,与工人群众打成一片,积累了中国共产党人开展群众工作的最初经验。深入分析和研究这一历史过程,对于坚定人民立场、践行群众路线具有重要的指导意义。     

Something Alien? The Limits of U.S. Influence in UK Campaigns

The campaign consulting business in the United States is the largest in the world and has had some success in globally exporting its expertise in terms of both personnel and technique. This paper reflects on the so-called “Americanization” of British elections and draws attention to some of the significant landmarks in the relationship between strategists in the two countries. The discussion does, however, identify the limitations of this idea as an organizing concept for understanding how election campaigning has developed in the United Kingdom.     

“文革”前十年党对知识分子阶级属性的认识及其影响

1956年至1966年,是我国全面建设社会主义的十年,在这期间党对知识分子阶级属性的认定经历了正确、失误、调整、再失误这样一个曲折的过程。这一复杂的过程使我们国家损失了大量的人才,对社会风气产生了不良影响,使一批知识分子在他们创造的黄金时期没有做出应有的成就,造成了终生的遗憾。因此,我们应该认真地从中吸取教训:对知识分子阶级属性的认定上要严格按照马列主义原理来判断;要切实维护党内民主,使中央的决策建立在民主化、科学化的基础上,并保持相应的稳定性;不能将阶级斗争作为政治生活的主题。     

Blocked Mobility and the Rise of Cultural Nationalism: A Reassessment

This paper provides an empirical assessment of the blocked mobility thesis, especially in regard to its use to explain the rise of cultural nationalism. The thesis states that young university students see their upward mobility thwarted and as a result develop nationalist movements which, they believe, will provide them with an independent state and open up career opportunities for them. Using quantitative archival data from Ireland during the early 1900s and Canada during the 1960s, this paper challenges the major assumptions of the blocked mobility thesis. For these two cases it was found that there was neither an overproduction of graduates nor a contracting state structure, two essential preconditions of the blocked mobility thesis. This empirical finding forces us to develop an alternative approach to explaining the rise in cultural nationalism. Part of this paper is taken up with outlining this alternative approach.     

Modern education and literary traditions: a comparative view on the development of modern Uyghur and Tibetan literature

ABSTRACT

In 1949, illiteracy among both Uyghurs and Tibetans was similar to that throughout China and estimated as higher than 90%. Since then, the rate of illiteracy in Xinjiang has shrunk considerably, while in Tibet it has remained the highest in China. This gap can explain the difference between the small volume of literature published annually in Tibet and the extensive literature that appears yearly in Xinjiang. A major reason for the high literacy rate and the emergence of a thriving modern literature in Xinjiang is the system of modern education that developed in the region at the start of the twentieth century. In contrast, in Tibet, the religious conservatism of the Buddhist elite prevented the introduction of modern education in order to retain local cultures. The comparison of the influences of modern education on the creation of literary traditions allows us to examine the continuity of Uyghur and Tibetan cultures in the context of contemporary China.     

“文革”时期知识分子政策及其影响

知识分子政策是党的一项重要政策。建国后根据知识分子思想状况的变化，党对知识分子阶级属性的认识经历了一个曲折变化的过程。“文革”时期的知识分子政策是研究知识分子问题的重要内容，这段时期的知识分子政策具有深远的消极影响。认真分析总结这十年间知识分子政策的经验教训，对于我们做好知识分子工作具有重大借鉴意义。     

对高校工会维护知识分子专业发展权的思考

维护、参与、建设、教育是高校工会四项基本职能。高校工会应从实际出发,把握知识分子专业发展权基本内容及意义,从制度、角色及能力三个层面调查研究高校工会维护知识分子专业发展权现状,树立科学维权理念,健全工会宏观参与机制,改进工作内容及方法,优化工会干部队伍。     

From Sarmiento to Borges: The Construction of an Intellectual Lineage in the Magazine Punto de vista under the Argentine Dictatorship

This article analyses the revision of the Argentine intellectual tradition demonstrated in the magazine Punto de vista throughout its first nineteen issues, published during the last Argentine dictatorship (1976–1983). From Sarmiento and the generation of 1837 to Borges and the Sur generation, the reassessment of Argentine intellectuals' legacies set out by editors of Punto de vista was an explicit attempt to insert the magazine into a recognised intellectual lineage. At the same time, it responded to a search for identity prompted by the critical and repressive context in which the magazine was first published.