El Ejercicio de Pensar: The Rise and Fall of Pensamiento Crítico

In 'El ejercicio de pensar'(the exercise of thinking), Fernando Martínez Heredia ( El Caimán Barbudo 1967: 2–5) made reference to the words of Enrique Varona to describe what, in his view, was the appropriate role of the intellectual in the Cuban Revolution. Varona had argued that thinking was a rare human trait as it went against basic desires that preferred dogmas to ideas. Martínez Heredia's position on the role of the intellectual would have a prophetic character, for, soon after, given responsibility for the direction of the newly created Department of Philosophy at the University of Havana, he led a young group of academics gathered around the journal Pensamiento Crítico . In their heyday, both the group and their publication came to be identified with the concept of the revolutionary (and the Revolution's) intellectual. This article examines the formative process of this new, politically committed, intellectual in the Revolution and explores the role played by this group in the intervening years, including the special relationship it established with the European New Left.     

On mediators: Intellectuals and the ideas trade in the knowledge society

This paper aims to provide some broad outlines of a model of intellectual practice that is arguably gaining increasing salience today: the model of the intellectual as mediator. The paper begins by drawing briefly upon some empirical data from a recent study in order to suggest that, although institutions such as universities and think tanks do seem to be embracing practices of intellectual production that are at some remove from ‘traditional’ models of knowledge, the shift is not absolute – not least because the idea of the ‘traditional’ intellectual as a basic norm is itself no doubt somewhat problematic. In seeking to address precisely this question as to how to think about norms of intellectual practice, the main body of the paper is more theoretical in its orientation. It seeks to adapt and extend some features of the work of Michel Foucault and Zygmunt Bauman in attempting to theorize a fourfold typology of intellectual style on the basis of the concepts of legislation, expertise, interpretation and finally mediation itself. Lastly, the paper considers the status of the intellectual as mediator in today's ‘knowledge society’, considering whether the so-called ‘end of ideology’ has led to the demise of the intellectual who generates ‘big ideas’.     

当下知识分子的品格与担当

中国传统知识分子以忧国忧民而著称,追求正义、热爱真理,具有强烈的社会责任感,被认为是社会的良知。近些年来,知识分子却因为缺少人文情怀,缺少社会关怀,缺少责任意识,缺少道德自律,而日渐受到批评与责难。作为社会良知和理性的代表,知识分子必须独立于利益之外,关注社会、关注人生,具有强烈的社会关怀和社会责任感。     

五四时期马克思主义传播加速先进知识分子革命化的原因

五四时期,十月革命的胜利及五四运动的爆发促使马克思主义在中国广泛传播。马克思主义的广泛传播,加深了知识分子对中国封建主义的认识;改变了知识分子对西方资本主义的认识;改变了知识分子对工农群众及其自身地位的认识。而这一系列的改变。促使先进知识分子认清了中国革命的对象、革命的主力军,所以加快了知识分子向革命者转变的速度。     

五四时期知识分子加速革命化的原因探析

五四运动由知识分子率先发起,在中国近现代史上具有举足轻重的作用,一方面知识分子推动着五四运动不断向前发展,另一方面五四运动也不断加速了知识分子的革命化。五四时期知识分子加速革命化的原因到底是什么,本文归纳为以下四点:一是辛亥革命未能解决中国社会进步问题;二是帝国主义列强的行径激化了民族矛盾;三是新文化运动赋予文化人新思想新视野;四是十月革命给了知识分子新希望新方向。     

文化研究与意识形态——评文化研究中的中立立场

文化研究因为文化的客体性的一面存在着一定的中立性,但这种中立性本身是有前提的,这就是承认文化研究的非中立性.文化研究的非中立性源于文化的主体性本性,而在任何一位文化研究者那里都或显或隐地存在着意识形态性.文化本身就蕴含着意识形态性,意识形态是文化与现实发生关联的中介.在当代社会,由于经济、政治与文化的一体化联系,文化的意识形态性显得更为突出,这是作为当代人文知识分子的文化研究者们应当清醒地意识到的.     

论建国后党对知识分子的阶级定性分析

知识分子的阶级属性问题 ,是党的知识分子政策的核心理论问题。建国后 ,党对知识分子的阶级定性分析出现多次反复 ,文章拟探求其因果 ,以启迪后世     

The Sovietization of Lithuania after WWII: modernization,transculturation, and the lettered city

ABSTRACT

This article approaches the Sovietization of the Baltics in the light of two critical notions developed by the noted Latin American critic Angel Rama: “narrative transculturation” and “the lettered city.” By revisiting key moments in the development of Soviet Lithuanian culture and intellectual class against a backdrop of forced collectivization, urbanization, and modernization, the article aims at a novel interpretation of what Sovietization meant in the Lithuanian context, the significance of de-Stalinization and cultural modernism during the Thaw in the 1960s, and the cultural preconditions for the emergence of the popular movement against Soviet rule in the late 1980s.     

从宗教的文化渊源看当代邪教

宗教作为一种化形式,在人类社会与体发展中有其独特的传统价值与历史地位。宗教同科学的历史关系并非绝对对立。当代邪教的产生有其一定的时代与背景。从宗教在历史上的化表现分析,现代明发展这一先天环境的我,决定其必然具有反科学反政府反社会的根本特征,尚不具备传统宗教在化上的价值与社会意义。     

催化与嬗变:民族主义与晚清政府的衰亡

晚清政府的衰亡是多种历史因素和多种历史力量合力作用的结果.本文以新知识分子、士绅和革命党人三个社会群体为代表,通过分析民族主义对他们的思想观念和社会行为方式的影响,折射出民族主义在清政府衰亡过程中的作用和影响.