两岸政治互动的象限管理刍议

为提升两岸政治互动的稳定性和有效性,笔者参考＂时间的四象限管理法则＂,对两岸共同面临的政治议题,依轻重缓急、优先次序进行原则性排列,并提出了政治议题与其它议题、政治议题内部议题之间的辩证关系。本文认为,两岸双方应该在现有政治共识基础上,将时间和精力重点放在＂不紧急却很重要＂的经济事务上;在政治互动四大议题之间,两岸可暂缓解决＂权威关系＂的分配议题,着力落实两岸＂人民关系＂,累积共同管理两岸人民事务的经验与共识,为两岸政治争议的最终解决创造条件。     

论国际形势对当前国内稳定的影响

冷战终结后,世界力量对比变化与中美复杂互动、全球化加速和经济危机交织、互联网发展及多元文化融合,使"中国特色"、"中国制造"、"中国声音"格外醒目,并在客观上导致我国国内政治、经济、社会各个层面的稳定面临着前所未有的新压力。     

Does the Prior Application of the Field Kit Bullet Hole Testing Kit 3 on a Suspected Bullet Hole Bias the Analysis of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry?

Forensic ballistics is the study of bullet trajectory and consists of determining gunshot residue (GSR) to identify bullet holes. Among several highly sensitive methods, atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) is employed to analyze GSR in the laboratory. However, it is sometimes necessary to identify bullet holes immediately at a crime scene. The purpose of this examination was to determine whether the use of the field test Bullet Hole Testing Kit 3 (BTK3) on a suspected bullet hole would influence the outcome of AAS‐analysis: Three commonly encountered firearms (Glock17, Tokarev, and Colt) were fired at skin, wood, and cloth. AAS‐analysis was performed with and without previous BTK3 application. The results clearly indicate that there is no significant interaction on the grounds of BTK3 use (BTK3 vs. no‐BTK3 [kit_nokit] [Pb: p = 0.1309; Sb: p = 0.9111], material*kit_nokit [Pb: p = 0.5960; Sb: p = 0.9930], distance*kit_nokit [Pb: p = 0.4014; Sb: p = 0.9184], and firearm type*kit_nokit [Pb: p = 0.9662; Sb: p = 0.9885]); hence, applying this field kit does not falsify later AAS outcomes.     

Diplomatic Interactions and Negotiations

This article examines the role of state actors, organization agencies, and individual agents in diplomatic interactions and negotiations. States as diplomatic actors, organizations as diplomatic agencies, and individuals as diplomatic agents enter into complex and interdependent relationships. Proposing a three‐level analysis of interstate interactions and diplomatic negotiations, I argue that no diplomatic negotiation happens without interactions between parties at the state, organizational, and individual levels. The agency–structure paradigm provides a conceptual framework for understanding behavioral and structural properties of international interactions and their influence on diplomatic negotiations. Diplomatic negotiation employs specific forms of interaction, using a distinct language, protocol norms, symbols, ceremonies, and rituals. The state's “self” (as a social conception of its identity, values, and interests) affects the process of diplomatic negotiation. By managing, organizing, and improving international interactions at the actor, agency, and agent levels, negotiating parties can advance the process and effectiveness of diplomatic negotiation.     

Some Neglected Aspects of Performance in Field Administration in Bangladesh

Performance of public service personnel does not depend solely upon their qualifications and level of training. Rational organization of activities and division of work with effective work processes are important, and it is necessary to ensure that employees have appropriate qualifications and training for performing the tasks assigned to them. Rules and procedures help facilitate their work and provide flexibility to innovate. Attractive terms and conditions of service, and other intangible rewards such as opportunities for contribution to the mission of the organization, participation in decision-making, and recognition by the employer and the clients of public service are also important. Based on data collected from sub-district level public agencies in Bangladesh, this article argues that performance at the field level is affected by a number of additional organizational, political, and social factors. They include personnel turnover, procedural delays, multiplicity of tasks, decision pattern and behavior, politician-administrator interaction, dual loyalty of officials, inadequate facilities for fulfilling family obligations, and attachment to major urban centers for health and educational services. These elements need to be integrated in the framework for assessing performance of public service personnel in developing countries. It is necessary to look beyond the commonly known causes for dealing with performance problems.     

Local Expenditure Interaction in Italian Municipalities: Do Local Council Partnerships Make a Difference?

This paper investigates interdependence among local councils in Italy in their public spending and distinguishes between possible sources of this interdependence. We find significant positive interaction among neighbouring local councils in regard to both spending at the level of total expenditure and spending on different sub-categories. Attempts to identify the source of this horizontal interaction seem to reject the yardstick competition hypothesis. Addressing the role that local council partnerships may play in internalising fiscal externalities, we suggest that expenditure interaction may be driven by spill-over.     

对历史上女性作用和两性互动关系的重新认识

“男主外,女主内”的传统自文明时期以来,一直在不同程度上保持着。男人以社会为舞台,女人以家庭为舞台,各自为自己舞台的主角,演绎着人类的历史。男性由于身强力壮自然承担起外部的挑战和压力,成为伟大的男人。女性则在家庭内部纺纱织布、养蚕种桑、养儿育女、养老相夫。虽然她们比起男性而言,相对风险要小,但是也需要牺牲和奉献,她们也是伟大的女人。在家庭和特定时代中,女性的作用及其对男性的促动不可忽视。     

酒精对乌头碱毒物动力学的影响

用反相高效液相色谱法测定生物样品中的乌头碱．给新西兰兔灌服１．５ｇ／ｋｇ短柄乌头后，乌头碱在免休内的毒物动力学过程为二室开放模型，其Ｋａ、Ａ、Ｂ值分别为１．１６２９±０．４０５３，０．６０４６±０．２５７４，１．１６０７±０．３７８１ｕｇ／ｍｌ．研究了灌服５．７５ｇ酒精对该动力学过程的影响，表明酒精不改变其模型类型，但可明显加速乌头碱的吸收和分布（Ｐ＜０．０１），对消除过程无明显影响，其Ｋａ、Ａ、Ｂ值分别为２．４０２６±０．５３７６，１．２０５１±０．５３２８，１．２０３７±０．４０９５μｇ／ｍｌ。说明酒精可增加短柄乌头的毒性。     

浅析新儒学的法律观及对律学的影响

两汉基于政治的稳定,经济的恢复和发展,汉武帝的个人才智和个性以及儒学自身发展的逻辑轨迹,确立了以新儒学为核心的封建正统法律思想。该思想以其独特的“天人感应”、“三纲五常”、“德主刑辅”、《春秋》决狱、秋冬行刑等理论原则影响着中国封建法制建设,在中国法制史上占据两千多年的统治地位。     

网络文化对人的发展的促进及其两者的统一

网络文化在促进人的实践方式的变革、增加入的自由时间、拓展人的发展空间的同时，也会对人的发展产生某些消极影响。我们应切实加强网络文明教育，建构网络文化的创新平台，培育健康向上的网络文化，使之有利于、服务于人的发展，从而实现网络文化发展与人的发展的统一。