确立健康权保护义务的对世性--TRIPS下专利权和健康权冲突的出路

专利权和健康权的冲突自TRIPS协议确立的知识产权一体化保护后愈演愈烈，《多哈宣言》缓解了二者的冲突，但未从人权的角度为健康权保护提供依据。《经济、社会和文化权利国际公约》规定了健康权，但却因用语模糊而被认为是一种政策性原则，TRIPS协议对专利权“私权神圣”的保护模式更加重了健康权的“弱势”。健康权对应有明晰、具体的义务，而非模糊的政策标准。在国际法人本化时代，健康权代表的全人类共同利益折射出国家保护健康权所承担义务的对世性。这为解决TRIPS下专利权和健康权冲突提供了解决思路。     

Brokering Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity: Chilean Lawyers and Public Interest Litigation Strategies

Rights gains for members of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and intersex (LGBTI) populations in Chile have been highly contentious since democratisation, indicative of the stigmatisation directed towards non‐normative gender and sexual identities. This article addresses the role of activist lawyers pursuing LGBTI rights cases through the courts, and draws on McAdam and colleagues' (2001) concept of a ‘broker’ to examine the lawyers' roles in linking previously unconnected sites within the judiciary and further afield. The analysis draws these processes together through interactionist perspectives of meaning‐making and how they relate to stigma, deviancy and identity.     

党的群众路线的再审视——以历史唯物主义为视角

在历史唯物主义的视域中审视党的群众路线应注意三个基本维度:在现实维度上,人民内部矛盾的新变化和反腐斗争的新要求是审视的出发点;在认识论维度上,提升党的执政水平进而巩固党的执政地位是审视的意义所在;在实践维度上,利益均衡以及与时俱进是党的群众路线不断创新和发展的当代进路。党的群众路线在回归群众生活中直面当代中国现实,有利于党的"传家宝"焕发新的生机与活力。     

Analysis on the Policy Effects of Strict Inflation and Flexible Inflation in Interest Rate Liberalization

This paper analyzes the policy effects of interest rate liberalization under strict inflation targeting and flexible inflation targeting, which is based on the new theory of Keynes model and the introduction of price stickiness in the framework of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium. By building, calibrating, estimating and simulating a new Keynesian DSGE model, we analyze and compare the effect of strict inflation targeting and flexible inflation targeting in the process of the interest rate liberalization. Research results show that, first of all, the strict inflation targeting regulation makes the output volatility smaller and the inflation volatility greater in face of technology shocks. Secondly, the flexible inflation target system is more conducive to controlling output and inflation in the short period when facing monetary policy shocks. Finally, the control of the strict inflation target is less from the point of view of the loss function. In other words, the central bank's loss function under the control of the strict inflation target system is small, but the flexible inflation targeting system is more conducive to controlling output and inflation in the short period.     

荣誉权——一个巴别塔式的谬误?——“Right to Honour”的比较法考察

《民法通则》关于荣誉权的规定受1961年《苏联民事立法纲要》第7条的影响。但从作为人格权理论源头的罗马法的actio iniuriarum,到对人格利益保护持不同态度的法国法和德国法,以及深受德国法影响的前苏联法,均将honour作为人的主观自我认知。Honour强调了人在自我认知上的差异性。在当代,honour这种差异性人格利益逐渐让位于强调平等性的人格尊严(dignity)。在大陆法系法律语言环境中,honour从不是以"荣誉称号"为内容的人格利益,《民法通则》关于荣誉权的规定缺乏比较法基础。     

人的伦理价值与人的人格利益——人格权内涵的法哲学解读

人格权内涵的核心要素是“人格”。人格的意义经历了自“身份人格”到“抽象人格”再到“具体人格”的三部曲式的主题演进。这种演进并非革命式的突变，而是一个传统与现代的逐渐交融从而使得人格意义不断丰富的过程。从历史与现实双重维度出发，作为人格权客体的人格具有伦理与利益二元属性。相应地立基于这种二元人格之上的人格权在内涵上亦有内外两个层面。人格权的内涵在本质上乃是内在于人的伦理价值，而在形式上表现为外在于人的人格利益。应特别注意确保人格权内外两个层面的平衡。     

公共利益实现困境中的程序纠偏——以土地征收拆迁为例

公共利益在实现过程中面临诸多困境。尤其是在我国城市化进程中，公共利益的异化、虚化和泛化现象严重，个人利益和政府利益也经常假借、冒用公共利益。程序规范是突破公共利益困境的重要途径，也是公共利益实现的应有之义。我国目前的制度安排和法律实践中忽视了程序规则。公共利益的程序规则包括公开透明的公共利益调查程序、民主科学的公共利益决定程序、公正公平的公共利益审查程序。程序规则并非绝对完美无瑕，不能将公共利益的程序正义绝对化。     

行政诉讼中“诉的利益”

诉的利益是诉讼法学中一个非常重要的概念,是指当事人在其利益受到不利影响时,寻求司法救济的必要性。诉的利益理论不仅应在防止原告滥用诉权、避免被告无端应诉和避免司法资源浪费方面发挥消极作用;更应当在权利生成方面发挥其积极作用。诉的利益的认定标准问题实际上是一个利益衡量问题。诉的利益的范围直接影响法院的主管范围、原告资格以及诉讼类型等诸多问题。     

Koushal v Naz: Judges Vote to Recriminalise Homosexuality

In Koushal v Naz the Indian Supreme Court overturned a High Court judgment which had declared unconstitutional section 377 of the Indian Penal Code criminalising ‘carnal intercourse against the order of nature’. In doing so, it has rebranded gay and transgendered Indians as criminals. This case note explores some of the structural problems that led to this judgment. The first problem is the transformation of the Indian Supreme Court into a populist, quasi‐legislative, institution that sees itself as a tool of governance. This has put significant pressure on its counter‐majoritarian role. The second relates to the sheer size of the Court's docket (given its wide jurisdiction and lax standing rules), coupled with the Indian legal academy's inability and unwillingness to continuously demand judicial fidelity to the law. These factors have led to the normalisation of unreasoned or poorly‐reasoned judgments and a breakdown of stare decisis.