住房按揭贷款保证保险防范风险的法律适用——以美国次级贷款危机及中国强烈地震为背景

美国次级房贷危机、中国512强烈地震,都使住房贷款机构陷入尴尬被动境地。保证保险能够防范次级房贷危机、化解银行贷款风险,避免按揭贷款买受人因意外事故引起的以房抵债、被迫搬迁等风险,增加保险公司业务量。但是,保证保险在实际中却没有推广应用,需要从法律上明确保证保险的性质、统一相关法律规定;改变银行以强势地位强制推行贷款保险、保险公司设计理赔事项及计算保险费用不合理等情形;完善保险人代位求偿权的规定。     

抵押预告登记优先受偿效力的解释论

作为预告登记的一个子类型,按照法教义学的逻辑推演,抵押预告登记并不产生优先受偿效力。但该制度的创设目的在于满足商品房预售交易中当事人的担保需求,若抵押预告登记权利人最终无法实现优先受偿权,这一制度将难以发挥其应有的作用,最终沦为具文。当符合已办理建筑物所有权首次登记且预告登记未失效等条件时,抵押预告登记转本登记的实质条件已满足,允许抵押预告登记权利人直接行使优先受偿权并不违反物权法基本原理。虽然《民法典担保制度解释》最终未对强制执行程序中抵押预告登记的效力作出规定,但不妨碍预告登记权利人依照该司法解释第52条第1款的规定行使优先受偿权。在破产程序中,抵押预告登记权利人行使优先受偿权无须以已办理建筑物所有权首次登记为前提,优先受偿的范围也不应限制在人民法院受理破产申请时抵押财产的价值范围内。     

我国保障性住房制度建设的进展、 问题与对策简

我国的保障性住房制度建设起步于上世纪90年代末,在2005年以后进入快速发展和不断完善阶段.建设保障性住房是弥补市场缺陷、减少社会矛盾、实现社会公平、促进社会和谐的重要战略举措之一,各级政府部门在其中扮演着重要角色,担负着重要职责.当前,我国在保障性住房制度建设方面还存在供需矛盾尖锐,法律体系建设滞后,配套政策成效有限,监管体制机制匮乏等问题.因此,充分发挥市场机制的主导作用,建立健全相关的法律法规体系,高度重视配套政策体系化建设,加快监管体制机制建设步伐,是进一步推进我国保障性住房制度建设的着力点.     

商品房认购书司法问题研究

商品房可谓日常交易中涉及的最为贵重的标的物,双方谨慎订立商品房认购书几乎成为商品房买卖中的必经程序。实务中,因房产市场价格波动及宏观调控政策等影响,认购书产生的纠纷层出不穷,因此商品房认购书性质及责任的研究对司法实践具有重要的意义。     

房屋典当探析

当下经济生活中普遍存在的房屋典当,虽然被《典当管理办法》规定为典当,但其与传统民法中的典当有所差别。同时,房屋典当与用益物权和传统民法中的典权不也相同。从本质属性上看,其应属于担保物权。当前形势下,房屋典当的这一性质应当在司法实务中灵活处理并尽早通过立法予以确定。     

民生保障研究:论适足生活水准权保障与实现

适足生活水准权的实现遵从辅助性原则、国家义务、平等与非歧视原则。食物权、住房权与健康权构成了适足生活水准权最主要的具体权利形态,其实现标准主要有:有效、真实与可接受。适足生活水准权的保障与实现不是孤立的,是与其他人权,如财产权、工作权等,特别是公民权利与政治权利,密切相关。公民权利和政治权利的保障是实现适足生活水准权救济的有效方式。适足生活水准权的实现为呼声日高的民生保障研究提供了新视角。     

Grey Power: Towards a Political Economy of Older Voters in the UK

The impact of age on voting behaviour and political outcomes has become an issue of increasing interest, particularly in the UK. Age divides in voter turnout and political preferences have led to claims that age is the ‘new class’. In this article, we contrast existing ‘cultural backlash’ and political economy explanations of the age divide in politics, and challenge the view that older people are predominantly ‘left behind’, culturally or economically. We show that older people have distinct material interests, related to housing wealth and pensions’ income, that are visible in their political preferences. We argue for the development of a new political economy of age.     

Gateway to Opportunity? Disparities in Neighborhood Conditions Among Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Residents

A key goal of housing assistance programs is to help lower income households reach neighborhoods of opportunity. Studies have described the degree to which Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) developments are located in high-opportunity neighborhoods, but our focus is on how neighborhood outcomes vary across different subsets of LIHTC residents. We also examine whether LIHTC households are better able to reach certain types of neighborhood opportunities. Specifically, we use new data on LIHTC tenants in 12 states along with eight measures of neighborhood opportunity. We find that compared with other rental units, LIHTC units are located in neighborhoods with higher poverty rates, weaker labor markets, more polluted environments, and lower performing schools, but better transit access. We also find that compared with other LIHTC tenants, poor and minority tenants live in neighborhoods that are significantly more disadvantaged.     

Points for Place: Can State Governments Shape Siting Patterns of Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Developments?

There is considerable controversy about the allocation of Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC). Some charge that credits are disproportionately allocated to developments in poor, minority neighborhoods without additional investments and thereby reinforcing patterns of poverty concentration and racial segregation. We examine whether Qualified Allocation Plans, which outline the selection criteria states use when awarding credits, can serve as an effective tool for directing credits to higher opportunity neighborhoods (or neighborhoods that offer a rich set of resources, such as high-performing schools and access to jobs) for states wishing to do so. To answer this question, we study changes in the location criteria outlined in allocation plans for 20 different states across the country between 2002 and 2010, and observe the degree to which those modifications are associated with changes in the poverty rates and racial composition of the neighborhoods where developments awarded tax credits are located. We find evidence that changes to allocation plans that prioritize higher opportunity neighborhoods are associated with increases in the share of credits allocated to housing units in lower poverty neighborhoods and reductions in the share allocated to those in predominantly minority neighborhoods. This analysis provides the first source of empirical evidence that state allocation plans can shape LIHTC siting patterns.     

完善我国城镇住房保障制度的思考

完善我国住房保障制度,是保障中低收入者的居住权,构建社会主义和谐社会的重要方面,需要从科学定位政府职能、增加经济适用房与廉租房的有效供给、完善福利住房保障体系、多渠道保障住房资金来源、制定相关的法律法规等方面,保证住房保障制度的建立与完善。