从全球风险社会到人类安全共同体：理论进阶分析

全球性风险和安全问题是当前人类面临的重大挑战。全球风险社会理论通过对现代性的反思与批判,阐述了现代社会的风险特征,以及在现代风险挑战下传统制度的解构和风险治理机制的瓦解,并探寻由自反性现代化向世界主义迈进的路径,以应对这些风险和挑战。文章剖析了现代风险社会理论的要点,提出了该理论应对全球风险存在的局限性,认为我国提出的总体国家安全观当中有关人类安全共同体的论述,坚持马克思主义阶级分析方法,倡导以人类整体利益为导向,以发展为基础,以共商共建为原则、互利共赢为目标,实现了对现代风险社会理论的超越,为人类社会迈向人类命运共同体提供了一条切实可行的路径。     

Do informal workers meet the consumption expenditure? A study from urban Odisha,India

In developing countries like India, the majority of the workforce is informal. There is no specific study about the important factors that influence the consumption expenditure of informal workers working in urban areas. The purpose of this paper, thus, is to identify the determinants of the consumption expenditures of urban informal workers, and the same is explored with respect to migration and gender. In this regard, a primary survey was conducted at the household level of the informal sector workers following the method of multi-stage stratified sampling. The method of analysis of variance and a binary logistic regression model is employed. The inferences of the study explained that the expenditure pattern of the informal worker depends on socio-economic factors—age group, income level and essential commodities like milk, kerosene, oil and child education. The study also highlights the fact that the informal workers are dragged into the web of a vicious circle of poverty due to a higher level of consumption expenditure than income and demonstrates the effect of betel-tendu leaf mini cigarette-tobacco-alcohol. Hence, it is desirable that the policymakers should frame a regulated subsidised pricing policy for essential commodities as well as increase the minimum wage rate in order to strengthen the basic consumption expenditure of the informal workers.     

浅析冷战后南北关系中的文化安全问题

当前南北问题成为和平与发展的核心问题,而随着冷战后全球化时代的到来,南北问题增添了很多非经济的色彩,文化安全成为南北问题中的一个重要方面。国际交往中的国家利益之争、软权力学说的发展以及文化霸权给弱势国家带来的主客观上的威胁使得文化安全成为影响当今国际政治中南北关系发展的重要问题。面对“文化霸权主义”和“文化殖民主义”的侵蚀,发展中国家应树主强烈的文化主权意识,在创新和发展本民族的先进文化的同时,争取建立国际文化新秩序,维护国家的文化安全。     

国际法框架下的人民币汇率制度选择

近年来,人民币汇率及汇率制度选择问题成为国际经济中的持续热点问题之一。随着入世过渡期的结束,中国经济已经日益融入世界经济体系,人民币汇率及汇率制度问题已经成为中国经济发展中必须长期面对的常态性问题。对于这个问题的研究,不应仅限于以往研究中的币值低估与否,是否违反相关国际公约等方面的单一研究模式,而需要在相关国际法框架下,从经济、政治及国际法等多角度加以综合研究,以制定相应的长期应对策略,并在此基础上通过对国内法上相关制度的完善保证中国经济的长期平稳发展。     

甲午战争对当代中日关系的影响——“甲午战争以来的中日关系”学术研讨会侧记

2014年8月在大连市召开了"甲午战争以来的中日关系"学术研讨会,来自全国各地的200余位专家、学者出席了会议。此次会议在"甲午战争对当代中日关系的影响"议题方面有一些新特点。一方面,研究的视角不断扩大,在以两国政治关系为切入点的研究基础上又增加了经济交往、思想文化、计量分析等新的视角,使甲午战争对当代中日关系影响的研究趋向多维化。另一方面,研究理论与方法亦呈现多样化,由于该议题涉及近代东北亚国家政治、经济、文化等诸多层面,因此围绕战争对当代中日关系影响的研究,除使用传统的实证史学、比较史学等方法外,还多运用现代化理论、国际关系学、地缘政治学等相关专业理论进行了交叉研究。此次会议展示了国内学界有关甲午战争研究的最新成果,对处理当代中日关系亦提供了有益的借鉴。     

The corporate shaping of GM crops as a technology for the poor

The status of international agricultural research as a global public good (GPG) has been widely accepted since the Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s. While the term was not used at the time of its creation, the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) system that evolved at that time has been described as a ‘prime example of the promise, performance and perils of an international approach to providing GPGs’. Contemporary literature on international agricultural research as a GPG tends to support this view and focuses on how to operationalize the concept. This paper adopts a different starting point and questions this conceptualization of the CGIAR and its outputs. It questions the appropriateness of such a ‘neutral’ concept to a system born of the imperatives of Cold War geopolitics, and shaped by a history of attempts to secure its relevance in a changing world. This paper draws on a multi-sited, ethnographic study of a research effort highlighted by the CGIAR as an exemplar of GPG-oriented research. Behind the ubiquitous language of GPGs, ‘partnership’ and ‘consensus’, however, new forms of exclusion and restriction are emerging within everyday practice, reproducing North–South inequalities and undermining the ability of these programmes to respond to the needs of projected beneficiaries.     

经济全球化背景下的洗钱犯罪防范

在经济全球化背景下,跨国犯罪日益猖獗,而洗钱作为跨国犯罪的核心环节,也呈现出有组织性、手段多样化等特点.国家之间必须相互合作,采取有力措施打击洗钱犯罪,才能有效遏制跨国犯罪.这就要求国家间在立法、相互交流信息情报、引渡跨国案件罪犯、反洗钱机制建设等领域进行合作,共同建立一个安全的国际环境.     

国际反垄断法及其发展

随着经济国际化的不断发展 ,垄断和限制性商业行为对国际经济的消极影响愈来愈大。垄断问题的国际化需要相应国际法律规范来予以规制 ,由此而产生了国际反垄断法。由于国际垄断具有跨国性 ,而国际反垄断法是国际法性质的 ,它的直接规范对象是国家 ,因此 ,它只能通过协调或改变国内法和国家行为 ,使各国国内法趋于统一 ,这也决定了国际反垄断统一法产生的困难。随着国际经济自由化的进行 ,垄断问题变得突出 ,对这个问题没有相应的法律规制 ,国际经济自由的进程是难以深入的。     

Migration Pessimism and the Subjective Well‐Being of Migrant Households in Mexico

A new migration pessimism argues that the economic benefits of international labour migration for migrant households may not justify the social costs. This article provides a test of this argument based on the author's survey of 304 households in Jerez municipio (municipality), Zacatecas, Mexico, in 2009. The results indicate that active households (those with at least one migrant abroad) perceived their economic situation to have improved more, but both their social cohesion and their happiness to be less than those of non‐active households. Social cohesion (family unity and maintenance of values) is shown to be pivotal in the happiness differential enjoyed by the non‐active households.     

国际惯例在涉台民商事案件中的适用

中国大陆法院审理涉台民商事案件可以适用国际惯例.在争议问题的准据法为大陆地区法律,而大陆地区法律没有相关规定,国际上对于争议问题存在国际惯例的情况下,法官决定是否适用该国际惯例.涉台案件的当事人也可以选择适用国际惯例.国际惯例一般适用在涉台货物买卖、运输、保险、支付、结算等方面,且受国内强行法、公共秩序保留等限制.统一实体私法条约可以作为“国际惯例”而适用于涉台民商事案件.