公安机关侦查讯问同步录音录像制度的思考

在当前刑讯等非法手段获取证据备受关注的情势下,于2013年1月1日正式施行的刑事诉讼法对同步录音录像制度予以纳入,对于规范侦查讯问程序,保障被讯问人人权,提高办案准确性,维护司法尊严,树立司法权威,无疑具有重要的意义。但规定过于笼统,可操作性低,因此有必要在借鉴我国检察机关在讯问职务犯罪嫌疑人全程同步录音录像工作经验以及英国的《警察与刑事证据法守则F》的合理规定基础上,对公安机关侦查讯问同步录音录像制度加以完善。     

Interrogation techniques and memory distrust

Abstract

Guideline judgements in English sentencing have been subjected to little scrutiny by non-lawyers. In this paper, the writers examine one guideline judgement, R v. Oliver and Others, which concerns the sentencing of offences involving indecent photographs and pseudo-photographs of children. Ten post-Oliver cases where a sentence was appealed are analysed and the results reported. The writers find the guideline's internal logic wanting, with shortcomings reflected in the patchy and non-obvious inferences made in appellate judgements of cases of the kind covered in Oliver. The writers propose flowcharting as a heuristic device in the development of guideline judgements, and possibly as a form of representation of judgements parallel to text-based formulations.     

Recognition of previous eyewitness testimony from an altered interrogation protocol: Potential effects of distortions

Abstract

The effect of protocol presentation on witnesses’ tendency to point out errors in a transcribed version of their verbal testimony was examined in two experiments. Participants were shown a film depicting a robbery and were subsequently questioned. In the process of typing out the testimony, there were six distortions entered into the protocol. When participants were asked to check the content for approval, they either listened to the experimenter reading the protocol out aloud, or read it on their own. The results showed that witnesses who had listened to the content being read to them pointed out significantly fewer distortions, and suggest that protocol presentation may have important implications for the justice system.     

Individual differences in interrogative suggestibility: life adversity and field dependence

Since the turn of the century much research has explored the concept of interrogative suggestibility, with recent research highlighting a sizeable link between the reported experience of negative life events (NLEs) and performance on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1 (GSS1). The present study sought to reinvestigate the previously found novel relationship, as well as explore the role of field dependence as a possible coping mechanism implemented during interview by such vulnerable interviewees. As expected, highly significant correlations between NLEs and the suggestibility components of the GSS emerged. Field dependence, however, failed to correlate significantly with either NLE or GSS scores. Nonetheless, some additional findings relating to age, NLEs, and shift scores on the GSS were noted, which may help further our understanding of the NLE to interrogative suggestibility relationship. A new group of vulnerable interviewees, who are as yet unrecognized by the police or courts, has also been identified.     

A field evaluation of the VIPER system: a new technique for eliciting eyewitness identification evidence

Abstract

The main aim of the study was to investigate the rate of claimed false confession during police questioning and identify variables that best discriminate between false confessors and non-false confessors. The participants were 24 627 high school students in seven countries in Europe. Out of 2726 who had been interrogated by the police as a suspect, 375 (13.8%) claimed to have made false confessions to the police. Logistic regression analyses showed that for both boys and girls, having attended substance abuse therapy, been attacked and bullied, and having committed a burglary, significantly discriminated between the false confessor and non-false confessor. In addition for boys, having been sexually abused by an adult outside the family was the single best predictor. The study shows the importance of history of victimization and substance misuse among adolescents in relation to giving a false confession to police during interrogation.     

Written records of police interrogation: differential registration as determinant of statement credibility and interrogation quality

Abstract

The backbone of Dutch criminal procedure is the case file including a large number of written records. In Dutch courts the focus is primarily on evaluation of written records. The written record of police interrogation is a mediated account of the interrogation itself. In this study we explore how individual differences in the production of written records by police officers affect the jurists' evaluation of the suspect's story and of the quality of the interrogation itself. In the first study, five police officers produced written records of one and the same interrogation on video of a denying suspect. In the second study, three of those written records are evaluated by jurists. They are asked to determine story acceptability of the suspect and procedural fairness of the interrogation. Findings show that a short and simple interrogation of a suspect results in written records that are quite different (Study I). It is further shown that these differences affect the jurists' evaluation of some of the core issues addressed in a criminal process (Study II). Implications of these findings are discussed as well as a number of possible ways to improve the current state of affairs.     

提高审讯有效性的理性思考

如何在人权保障与犯罪控制的价值冲突中实现和提高审讯的有效性是讯问的永恒主题。诉讼规则的变迁使审讯有效性面临巨大的挑战,而讯问中存在的虚假有罪供述则使审讯有效性问题更加凸显。为此,审讯人员应纠正对审讯有效性认识的偏差,树立新的审讯理念,强化对无辜者的识别,积极探寻提高审讯有效性的途径。     

不矛盾律在侦查讯问中的运用

侦查讯问中,正确地运用不矛盾律,可以及时发现、抓住犯罪嫌疑人供词中的逻辑矛盾;科学地设计讯问策略、合理化地设置“逻辑圈套”,可以使犯罪嫌疑人充分地暴露矛盾;结合有关证据运用不矛盾律,还可有力地揭露谎言、戳穿伪供。运用时应当注意:把握好运用的条件;要客观地分析、判定供词中是否包含了逻辑矛盾;要分析造成矛盾的原因;不能违反法律规定。     

当前街面“两抢一盗”案件讯问中强化证据意识的思考

在办理街面“两抢一盗”现行案件时,有些侦查人员在侦查讯问中,因为证据意识不强,所收集的证据不确实、充分,达不到《刑事诉讼法》的要求。因此,在侦查讯问中要强化证据意识,树立全程诉讼理念,明确获取证据的范围和内容,“稳、准、狠”地打击此类犯罪。     

犯罪嫌疑人供述临界心理的形成与转化

在刑事案件讯问中.准确理解犯罪嫌疑人"供述临界心理"的形成机制和转化机制,掌握犯罪嫌疑人的心理需要和外在刺激相瓦作用及供述能量守恒的规律,针对性的采取讯问策略,将言语表达和非言语表达法的特殊作用相互结合,转化犯罪嫌疑人"供述临界心理",达到讯问目的.