侦查讯问之制度性问题研究

近年来,侦查讯问中犯罪嫌疑人的权益保障问题得到了广泛的关注,诸多的理论研究显示出各界对侦查讯问工作的认识存在着一定的偏差。因此,本文以侦查讯问工作的制度性问题为切入点,考察了刑事诉讼对侦查讯问的价值定位,以及现行的诉讼证明模式和侦查政策等制度性问题对侦查讯问工作带来的实质性影响,并从这些制度性问题的内在基础出发,阐述了侦查讯问制度改革应当注意的诸多问题。     

侦查讯问录音录像制度探析

侦查讯问录音录像既有利于保全、固定犯罪嫌疑人的供述,杜绝翻供,更有利于规范侦查讯问行为,切实保障犯罪嫌疑人的诉讼权利.许多国家和地区都有关于讯问录音录像的规定,但我国尚未对侦查讯问录音录像作出明确的规定,应当借鉴西方法治发达国家及我国台湾地区的立法经验,予以修订与完善.     

论讯问笔录中案件事实的构成要素

查清案件事实是讯问的根本目的。如实、清楚地反映案件事实是讯问笔录的基本功能和根本任务。案件事实由各个要素组成。充分认识事实诸要素的作用并熟练掌握其记录方法,对提高讯问笔录的质量和提高办案质量具有重要的作用。     

刑事侦讯的“两方组合”及其相互关系——基于西方刑事侦讯的分析

无论在大陆法国家还是英美法国家,从侦讯运作情况和具体环节来看,侦讯者都居于主导性和支配性地位,而应讯者尽管享有沉默权、律师帮助权等基本权利,也拥有相应的权利保障措施,但其仍处于被动和受支配的地位。在刑事侦讯中,两者不同的地位决定了两者不均衡与不对称的关系:第一,侦讯者与应讯者主体地位的不均衡;第二,侦讯者与应讯者权利(权力)和义务关系的不对称;第三,应讯者对刑事侦讯的心理服从;第四,侦讯者的角色所具有的道德优势。西方刑事侦讯两方组合及其相互关系的基本特征对我国刑事侦讯制度及侦查程序的改革具有借鉴意义。     

侦查讯问中沉默权问题的经济学研究——兼谈如何从制度上体现对无辜者的保护

沉默权问题与侦查讯问是紧密相关的,沉默权制度的实施将直接影响到侦查人员和犯罪嫌疑人在侦查讯问中行为策略的实施和利益的分配。传统上关于沉默权问题的探讨过于抽象和意识形态化,无法使人得出对沉默权的理性认识。以经济学的市场商品理论来理解沉默权,从该视角审视这一制度,帮助研究者们全面、理性地认识沉默权,并借此分析侦查讯问的互动状态,得出沉默权制度有利于保护无辜者的结论。     

解析犯罪心理画像技术在侦查讯问中的应用

犯罪心理画像技术作为一项特殊的刑事侦查技术已经广泛应用于刑事侦查领域，并在侦查的各个阶段都发挥着重要的作用，尤其是在侦查讯问阶段可以帮助讯问人员对犯罪嫌疑人进行准确评估并为讯问方案的制定提供参考，可以帮助讯问人员准确了解嫌疑人的心理行为特征并进行针对性的审讯等，但是在应用过程中要注意克服影响犯罪心理画像准确性的主、客观因素。     

贪污贿赂案件指定监视居住探讨

在最高人民检察院对全国检察机关掀起规范司法行为专项整治工作的浪潮下,整治检察权履行中存在的司法不规范行为成为本次整治的核心要点,贪污贿赂案件指定监视居住问题也成为规范司法的范畴。2012年《刑事诉讼法》新增指定监视居住的相关规定,为保护当事人合法权益提供法律保障。然而,在实践中,监视居住“看审不分”的顽疾根深蒂固,如若不除该种顽疾,将不能保证司法文明,规范司法的理念也无从谈起。在规范司法视野下,反思指定监视居住执行的现状,分析造成看审不分、变相羁押及违法履职风险等问题的根源,以此提出赋予审判机关提前介入预审指定监视居住案件决定权、强化公安机关监视居住职责,提高侦查监督部门及刑事执行检察部门监督实效建议。     

Responses to Salduz: Procedural Tradition,Change and the Need for Effective Defence

This article examines the responses of national courts to the ECtHR's decision in Salduz v Turkey that suspects be provided with access to a lawyer before they are first interrogated by the police. It argues that harmonious application of human rights standards in criminal proceedings should build upon common values underpinning the procedural traditions of member states. ECtHR success in gaining acceptance for the principle of access to a lawyer during police interrogation, anchoring it in the privilege against incrimination, is contrasted with resistance towards giving the defence any active role during criminal investigations. It is argued that this resistance can be overcome by an appeal to safeguards that have long dominated the trial process. As the investigation phase increasingly determines the outcome of criminal proceedings, standards of fairness traditionally reserved for the trial process should be applied also to this phase in order to provide suspects with an effective defence.     

Comparing the effects of explicit and implicit false-evidence ploys on Mock Jurors' verdicts,sentencing recommendations,and perceptions of police interrogation

In police interrogation, an explicit false claim to have evidence raises important legal and constitutional questions. Therefore, some interrogation manuals recommend implicit false-evidence ploys (FEP) that ask suspects about potential evidence without making a direct claim to possess the evidence. Similar to the hypotheses in a recent study of implicit FEP and confession rates, we hypothesized that individuals would perceive implicit FEP as less coercive and deceptive when compared to explicit FEP that involve direct claims of false evidence. Although mock jurors rated all FEP as highly deceptive and coercive and as more deceptive than controls, we found that participants did not view implicit and explicit FEP differently and that ploy specificity (implicit or explicit) failed to affect verdicts or recommended sentences. These findings suggest that although interrogation trainers and scholars in law and psychology discriminate between the methods, jurors do not.     

Police interviewing styles and confessions in Japan

Psychological studies of suspects' confessions have been conducted mostly in English-speaking and European countries, and the results may not generalise to countries whose cultures and policing practices differ. In particular, the difference between Japanese and Western laws may affect the roles that police interviewers play in suspects' confessions. This study examined the interviewing techniques used by Japanese police officers and associated features of the suspects' confessions. An extensive questionnaire was completed by 276 police officers across Japan. Detailed ratings of their interview techniques were factor analysed, yielding five factors: Presentation of Evidence, Confrontation, Rapport Building, Active Listening, and Discussion of the Crime. Based on these five factors, we identified four interviewing styles: Evidence-focused, Confrontational, Relationship-focused, and Undifferentiated. When interrogators employed the Relationship-focused interviewing style, suspects were more likely to make full confessions and to provide new information. By contrast, suspects were more likely to make partial confessions and were less cooperative when the police officers employed an Evidence-focused style.