当前中国一种非理性的民族主义述评

民族主义在当代中国的发展主流是健康的,但其中也出现了一种非理性的表现形式。民族排外主义就是当前中国非理性民族主义的主要表现形式。文章重点分析民族排外主义在政治、经济、文化等方面的具体表现及其消极后果,并提出民族主义理性化建构的思路与对策。     

The Public as a Limit to Technology Transfer: The Influence of Knowledge and Beliefs in Attitudes towards Biotechnology in the UK

Transferring knowledge on new biotechnology applications in the European Union is restricted by limited public support. Explanations for this limited support lead us to examine the influence of knowledge and beliefs in shifting attitudes towards the uncertain consequences of unknown technologies. In addition, this paper looks at the role of perceptions of uncertainty as well as information channels. We denote as “knowledgeable” those attitudes that are held by informed individuals and as “rational irrational” those attitudes purely reflecting political and moral beliefs. The empirical analysis employs data from a UK sample of the 1999 Eurobarometer Survey 52.1. Results suggest that improving knowledge systematically raises individual support for clinical biotech applications such as animal cloning, while attitudes towards market-oriented biotech such as GM food remain systematically unaltered. When controlling for knowledge, significant factors within information channels were gender, perceptions of risk and, in certain applications, religiosity. Findings also support the hypothesis that knowledge driven attitudes arise from those applications where knowledge is shifted by perceived experience and thus perceived information costs are small. An erratum to this article is available at .     

Public Choice Failure and Voter Incompetence in France

This article explains failures of politics and government through the incompetence of voters and their perception biases. It illustrates this argument using the French case. If voters lack knowledge and develop irrational beliefs, then voting is probably not effective as a mechanism for sanctioning public policy. The incompetence of French voters and their anti‐capitalist bias is well documented. This incompetence can be partly explained by the low cost of holding irrational beliefs in politics. Voters’ anti‐capitalist attitudes are explained by the utility they obtain from expressing themselves in favour of state intervention, and by France's prohibitive level of justification costs of holding pro‐capitalist views. The resulting biases contribute to the failure of public choice.     

山西农村青年思想状况、存在的问题及对策

山西省农村青年经过20年的改革、开放、搞活和社会主义市场经济建设,表现出务实、开拓、进取、突出个性和理性的思想特征。同时,由于山西省特有的生存环境、文化底蕴以及历史影响,山西省农村青年又表现出独有的特性。山西省农村青年要以理性与非理性相互交织在一起的思想状态应对日新月异的社会发展和变化必然存在一定问题。对此,我们不能不充满担忧,需要针对这种情况找出相应的对策来进行调整。     

论宗教信仰重建的内在发生机制

宗教信仰是理性与非理性的统一认知和价值的统一.现实性与理想性的统一具有稳定性.宗教信仰发生重建的条件主要是环境变化、价值观念变化、感情上发生重大波折等.宗教信仰重建的内容也主要在上述方面.     

论犯罪预防的哲学基础

犯罪预防的目标是防患于未然,其哲学基础是人性的恶与善及人的理性与非理性。人性恶、人的非理性使犯罪预防具有必要性;人性善、人的理性使犯罪预防具有可能性。应注意犯罪预防的可能性与现实性的界限。