A fresh start I: Education rights in South Africa

In this first part of a two-part article education rights as protected by the South African Constitution are analysed. As background, the education rights protected by section 32 of the interim Constitution and the case law that arose from that provision are discussed. Section 29 of the 1996 Constitution is then discussed with reference to the right to basic and further education, the right to education in the language of one's choice, and the right to private education. Mention is also made of the way in which religious observances maybe conducted in schools. This first part of the article concludes with the observation that the education rights in the Constitution form the basis and the spearhead of the fresh start South Africa has made in education. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

能力本位职业教育的历史背景与理论基础分析

能力本位职业教育产生和发展具有广泛的历史背景和理论基础 ,我国实施能力本位职业教育的试验存在不足的原因是忽略了其理论上的整体性和国家、社会及教育内部各层面相关条件的配合。     

Competence to Waive Interrogation Rights and Adjudicative Competence in Adolescent Defendants: Cognitive Development,Attorney Contact,and Psychological Symptoms

Although there is growing evidence of developmental differences in competency to waive interrogation rights and adjudicative competence, the correlates of adolescents' legal capacities remain unclear. This study examined the relationship of legal capacities to cognitive development, legal learning opportunities, and psychological symptoms. Participants were 152 male and female defendants aged 11–17, who completed Grisso's Instruments for Assessing Understanding and Appreciation of Miranda Rights, the Fitness Interview Test (Revised Edition), the Woodcock-Johnson III Cognitive Assessment Battery, and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children. Legal capacities relevant to interrogation and adjudication increased with age. These developmental differences were partially mediated or explained by cognitive development. Of the specific cognitive ilities examined (general intellectual ability, verbal ability, reasoning, long-term retrieval, attention, and executive functioning), verbal ability was a particularly strong predictor of performance on competency measures. Also, defendants obtained lower scores on competency measures if they showed evidence of attention deficits or hyperactivity, had spent limited time with their attorneys, and/or were from low socioeconomic backgrounds.     

“国粹”与“种姓”：章太炎与连雅堂“语文”思想之比较

在二十世纪初期文化民族主义的大背景下比较了章太炎与连雅堂的语文思想,指出了章太炎"以国粹激动种姓"的语文思想与连雅堂"发扬种姓"、"继绝存亡"的文学观的相同思想背景,并结合大陆与台湾语文运动的具体语境分析了章、连二人与大陆及台湾新语文运动的互动关系.     

坚持“三紧贴” 追求“三向度” 实现“三提高” 全面提升党校理论教学水平

党校教学紧贴理论、紧贴实际、紧贴学员;党校教师追求理论高度、追求理论深度、追求理论广度;党校学员提高逻辑思维能力、提高科学分析能力、提高解决实际问题的能力,是新形势下深化党校教学改革和加强党校教育工作的重要切入点.实践证明,只要坚持"三紧贴",追求"三向度",实现"三提高",就能在教学结合上,教的管理上,学的要求上找到改革方向,找到发展思路,就能全面提升党校理论教学水平.     

言语歧义探究

歧义是英语ambiguty的汉译,它反映了语言的形式与内容(意义)的矛盾这一普遍事实,研究歧义可以考察同一语言形式表达多种语义内容的可能性,考察表面相同的形式实质上的差异性,从而深化对语言形式与内容的种种对应关系的认识。     

蒙古语中问候语的文化内涵

蒙古语的问候语蕴含着蒙古族文化特点,一是体现了对他人及其所处的自然环境(包括牲畜)、生存状态的关怀;二是体现了对生活在自然界所有生命的终极关怀(生和死);三是体现了在人与自然的互动过程中,自然赋予人的心灵体验,并以各种形式慰藉人们的心灵(忌讳、赞美等)。蒙古语问候的语言形式背后体现了蒙古人对生命价值、生活的认识以及长期积累的智慧。     

Competency Restoration: An Examination of the Differences Between Defendants Predicted Restorable and Not Restorable to Competency

According to the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Jackson v. Indiana (1972), examiners must determine if a defendant has substantial probability of regaining competency through treatment in the foreseeable future. Previous research has indicated that, given the low base rate of defendants unable to be restored to competency, examiners are relatively poor at predicting which defendants will regain competency. Determining the characteristics of not restorable incompetent defendants and restorable incompetent defendants is a necessary first step toward improving examiners' ability to predict a defendant's likelihood of regaining competency. This study examined the competency evaluation reports of 468 defendants evaluated for competency to stand trial. Incompetent defendants significantly differed from competent defendants with regard to age, employment status, ethnicity, criminal charges, and psychiatric diagnosis. Few significant differences existed between defendants predicted restorable and those predicted not restorable by mental health examiners—the differences that did exist were related mainly to nonpsychiatric variables.     

论茶马古道的起源

茶马古道的兴起经历了不同的原始形态 ,包括直立人古道、早期智人古道、晚期智人古道、新石器古道、民族古道、盐运古道和马帮古道 ,这些古道的原始形态是茶马古道兴起的必要条件。最初的古道是因古人类的移动路线而产生 ,之后则是因民族的迁徙而沿袭。距今 1 90 0年前西南地区有了盐运古道 ,唐代形成了滇藏茶马古道。与其他古道相比较 ,茶马古道生命力更强 ,网络分布更细、路况更艰难     

对计算机语言教学方法的探讨

计算机语言教学在高等教育中具有重要意义。解决计算机语言教学的方法主要有三个方面 ,即调动学生学习的积极性 ;理论联系实际 ;用形象、通俗的语言解释抽象的名词术语、概念及规律。