Verbal Ability and Persistent Offending: A Race-specific Test of Moffitt’s Theory

Theoretical questions linger over the applicability of the verbal ability model to African-Americans and the social control theory hypothesis that educational failure mediates the effect of verbal ability on offending patterns. Accordingly, this paper investigates whether verbal ability distinguishes between offending groups within the context of Moffitt’s developmental taxonomy. Questions are addressed with longitudinal data spanning childhood through young-adulthood from an ongoing national panel, and multinomial and hierarchical Poisson models (overdispersed). In multinomial models, low verbal ability predicts membership in a life-course-persistent-oriented group relative to an adolescent-limited-oriented group. Hierarchical models indicate that verbal ability is associated with arrest outcomes among White and African-American subjects, with effects consistently operating through educational attainment (high school dropout). The results support Moffitt’s hypothesis that verbal deficits distinguish adolescent-limited- and life-course-persistent-oriented groups within race, as well as the social control model of verbal ability.     

Expanding the Boundaries of Criminal Justice: Emphasizing the “S” in the Criminal Justice Sciences through Interdisciplinary Efforts

At its very core, the phrase “criminal justice sciences” points to the interdisciplinary nature of our field. However, efforts to promote and support interdisciplinary teaching and research face significant barriers. In this paper, I address how interdisciplinarity is conceptualized, the history of criminal justice as an interdisciplinary field, why we should promote interdisicplinarity, barriers we confront in interdisciplinary efforts, the degree to which ACJS members engage in interdisciplinary practices, factors related to interdisciplinarity, and opportunities for increased interdisciplinary research in criminal justice. To grow as an academic field, I conclude that we must look to other disciplines such as biology, computer science, policy, and women’s studies as we expand our disciplinary boundaries.     

Young and armed: a cross-sectional study on weapon carrying among adolescents

The purpose of this study was to identify empirically, for the first time in France, the prevalence of adolescent weapon carrying with particular focus on the contribution of a broad range of social bonding, strain, social learning, and sociodemographic predictors. A multivariate logistic regression model was conducted using a backward elimination procedure to identify the significant predictors of weapon carrying controlling for age, gender, and SES in a sample of 12,706 French youth aged 11–19 years. Results revealed that the odds of weapon carrying increased among adolescents who suffered from past victimization, who had a negative relationship with their mother, and who repeated a grade at school. Moreover, holding pro-delinquent beliefs and having delinquent peers also increased the odds of weapon carrying. Our findings highlight the importance of the interpersonal and social context when examining the determinants of weapon carrying and showed a unique contribution of components of social bonding, strain, and social learning in weapon carrying among adolescents.     

古代中原地区与少数民族地区的赎刑制度探析

赎刑是中国古代独特的法律制度,中原地区的赎刑制度在秦及汉初具有替代刑和独立刑种的双重属性,唐代以后赎刑发展成为刑罚适用的一般原则。罚金刑在中国古代法律中多处于与赎刑合而为一的并存状态。以藏区“赔命价”制度为代表的少数民族地区的赎刑制度,在古代以成文法的形式出现,在现代则表现出明显的和解性质。赎刑制度中的价值理念和合理规则,对于我国刑罚替代措施和死刑的司法控制等方面仍有借鉴意义。     

高职院校学生思想政治教育的特点与规律研究

高职院校学生因学生生源与普通本科学生生源的差别,高职院校学生在思想政治教育方面也有其自身独特的特点和自身的规律。加强高职院校学生思想政治教育尤为重要,一方面因为高职院校学生数量相对与本科要多,另一方面,高职院校学生毕业后一般从事着一线的工作,并且高职院校学生思想政治教育的不容乐观之处等的客观存在,迫使思想政治教育工作者必须以适合高职院校学生的方式来进行思想政治教育,必须对高职院校学生思想政治教育的状况有一个常态化的研究工作。     

The Relationship Between Child Maltreatment,Intimate Partner Violence Exposure,and Academic Performance

This article presents a longitudinal examination of the association between children's experiences of child maltreatment (CM) and intimate partner violence (IPV), alone and in combination, with children's academic performance. Integrated, administrative data from the Minnesota Departments of Education and Human Services were used to obtain a sample of 2,914 children. Data provided an opportunity to study comparisons of single (CM or IPV) and combined experiences (CM-IPV), longitudinally observe the impact of these experiences on academic functioning, and make comparisons to the general population. Results revealed significant differences in school attendance and math and reading performance by adverse experience. Children exposed to CM and IPV, individually or in combination, underperformed at school. IPV-exposed children had the poorest outcomes. Findings highlight the need for dedicated screening for adverse childhood experiences, particularly IPV exposure, and devoting greater educational and social service resources as a means of promoting future school achievement and adult functioning.     

法学本科专业实践教学模式的重构

法学本科教育应确立职业教育的教育目标,并要围绕职业教育目标充实法学本科教育内容,重视学生法律职业技能、法律职业思维的训练,培养学生良好法律职业道德和法治理想。实践教学是完成法学教育内容,达成法学教育目标不可或缺的教学方式,由于受传统法学教育观念的影响,实践教学未得到应有的重视,因而存在着诸多问题,因此建立与理论教学平行独立的实践教学体系、丰富实践教学内容、改革实践教学方式势在必行。     

中西人道主义思想比较及其对思想政治教育的启示

人道主义作为一种对待人的伦理原则和道德规范的思想体系,自14世纪后半期兴起以来,主要有社会主义人道主义与资产阶级抽象的人道主义两种体系。两者在理论基础、出发点、原则等方面存在着根本的不同。对它们进行比较研究,对思想政治教育有着重要的理论和现实意义。     

科学发展观视野中的高校思想政治工作探析

高校思想政治工作是一项全面而系统的工程,肩负着“谁来培养人、培养什么样的人以及如何培养人”的重要使命。在新的历史形势下,高校思想政治工作面临新的情况和问题,必须用科学发展观的视野进行审视和思考。     

思想政治教育工作者素质刍议

思想政治教育工作是一门党性强、艺术性强、理论水平高的科学,是一门塑造人类灵魂的高尚艺术。因此,教育者本身应具有坚定的政治立场、远大的理想和高尚的情操;应具有良好的思想意识、道德水平和理论修养。作为思想政治教育工作者,尤其是学校学生思想政治教育工作者,应全面提升自身的综合素质,把握新时期思想政治工作的时代特征,有的放矢并卓有成效地开展工作。