The Voice of (Which?) Africa: Miriam Makeba in America

Throughout her time as a concert singer in 1960s America Miriam Makeba was promoted as the embodied voice of a sonic, imagined Africa. Where her white audiences were attracted to the complete ‘‘otherness’’ of her African blackness, her black American audiences saw themselves – or imagined versions of themselves – put on stage, and built solidarities between their own struggle and the struggle against apartheid. In this essay, I argue that the discourses that followed Makeba’s voice and body reflected the evolving attitudes of America towards Africa, and, through Africa, its contradictory relationship to its own African American citizens. Makeba played on these discourses to craft a political and musical identity in solidarity with black and diasporic causes. This identity, embodied in the persona of ‘‘Mama Africa,’’ allowed Makeba the flexibility to speak to and for her fellow (South) Africans with cultural authority. By joining the oft-opposed positions of ‘‘Africa’’ and ‘‘The World,’’ Makeba became what I’m calling an African Cosmopolitan.     

法律英语教学初探

法律英语是高校本科三年级、大专二年级开设的一门课程,教学目标是培养复合型法律人才.在教学中要明确教学目标,注重讲解法律语言词汇、句法特征等语言知识的同时,也要注重对英美法知识的介绍、导入英美法律文化的背景知识,提倡以学生学习为中心的教学模式,适时采用案例教学法,调动师生双向互动,提高教学质量.     

Probing the Democratic Peace Argument Using Linguistic Fuzzy Logic

Did disputes between non-great powers in the New World, 1816–1989, escalate to war if the disputes involved roughly equal sides or not? Metaphorically and practically, “balances of power” are about measurement, but many of the usual measures prove to be incorrect. Proper assessments of the balances of fighting power qualify counts of the material resources by considering the political-organizational capacity of the state to employ what is counted, the geopolitical location and logistics, and what bystander states might do if the dispute were to escalate. A modest correlation exists between rough equality in power capabilities and war, not peace, in the Americas, 1816–1989. A bare majority of the wars in the Americas from 1816 until 1989 were fought between equal sides, and equal disputants were thirteen times more likely to escalate to war than non-equals were. This relationship found among non-great powers is much less strong than the relationship found among the great powers.     

改革开放三十年语言现象分析

语言文字作为社会交际的工具,也随着改革开放发生了重大的变革。改革开放作为重要的社会背景语境,影响了中国社会的语言面貌。其中政策法令性语言、广告语言和网络语言的发展变化,最为清晰地反映出社会前进的步伐和改革开放以后社会主义中国的崭新面貌。     

社会方言及其在案件言语识别中的应用

案件语言材料中出现的社会方言 ,常常能反映出作案人的社会特征。研究社会方言 ,分析其表现形式和产生的社会原因 ,解析社会方言的语言结构 ,探讨利用社会方言的言语特征进行言语识别 ,有利于语言分析人员根据案件语言材料刻画出作案人的社会属性并认定特定的社会个体 ,为犯罪侦查提供线索。     

词价值获得原理探微

一般而言,词价值获得的主要途径大概有三条:一是语言学意义上的途径,即词价值由个体语言系统中的复杂联带关系所确定;二是经济学意义上的途径,即词价值首先是由劳动创造的,然后才由人对词的需求所决定;三是哲学意义上的途径,即在人与词的相互作用过程中,作为客体的词对于作为主体的人而言,不仅具有某种明确的意义或语义,而且词能满足人的某种欲望,因而词具有某种效用或有用性。所以词具备价值。     

文学语言与20年代话剧特征的形成

20年代话剧的文体特征及发展走向很大程度上可以从文学语言变革的角度加以认识。具体而言,白话语言对戏曲之唱构成了强有力的消解,促成了现代话剧从唱到说基本特征的形成。模拟真实的口语为话剧带来了生活气息,却因疏于锤炼而导致了情节的冗余和话剧的故事化倾向;演说作为白话的言说方式之一顺应了文学语言变革,却带来了说理化特征,并时有打破话剧客观化情境的情形。文学革命后,文学语言的逐渐调整为话剧的发展带来了契机,促成了机智型喜剧的成熟;诗化语言增加了话剧的文学性,同时因诗多剧少为话剧提出了亟待解决的问题。从文学语言的角度可以更好地揭示20年代话剧特征的形成,重新认识这一体裁发展中的现象、问题和趋向,更好地把握文学史规律。