Predictive Policing: Review of Benefits and Drawbacks

This literature review illuminates the conceptualization of predictive policing, and also its potential and realized benefits and drawbacks. The review shows a discrepancy between the considerable attention for potential benefits and drawbacks of predictive policing in the literature, and the empirical evidence that is available. The empirical evidence provides little support for the claimed benefits of predictive policing. Whereas some empirical studies conclude that predictive policing strategies lead to a decrease in crime, others find no effect. At the same time, there is no empirical evidence at all for the claimed drawbacks. We conclude that the current thrust of predictive policing initiatives is based on convincing arguments and anecdotal evidence rather than on systematic empirical research. We urge the research community to do independent tests of both positive and negative expectations to generate an evidence base for predictive policing.     

Amor Matris 1: Language and Loss in J. M. Coetzee's Age of Iron

This article examines the South African novelist Sarah Gertrude Millin’s writings on economics. Though Millin has most commonly been treated as a theorist of race and miscegenation, her novels and nonfiction writings demonstrate an equally strong interest in how global economic institutions affect South African life. Eatough proposes that Millin’s fascination with such diverse economic practices as currency speculation, actuarial accounting, and stock broking stems from the way in which these practices dramatize a seemingly insuperable tension between Anglo professionalism and South African nationalism. As the article shows, Millin’s efforts to overcome Anglo-Afrikaner rivalry and fashion a unified white nationalism entailed a radical rethinking of what global professional networks were in their innermost essence. Central to this nationalist project, Eatough argues, was Millin’s tendency to regard such networks less as rooted national institutions than as distant speculative devices capable of inflating the value of South African nationality. Over the course of the article, Eatough investigates how Millin uses this definition to finesse complaints by (primarily Afrikaner) nationalists against British control of the professions by suggesting that such articulations of envy drive speculative enterprise—and, thus, provide a means for transforming national abjection into national value.     

Going beyond data collection in ethnography: Options for bridging the gap between researchers and archivists

Abstract

This article investigates options for bridging the missing link between ethnographic field research and archiving. It interrogates the place of archiving in the entire fieldwork process and the roles played by researchers and archivists in promoting access. While a number of reasons explain the gap between research and archiving, the article identifies lack of collaboration as the main challenge. Borrowing from the postmodernist theoretical framework, the article argues that archivists cannot detach themselves from data collection, because the decisions they make are not objective but personal and subjective. The conclusion and main message are that digital technology, in spite of its many advantages, may not deliver all that it promises to data collection and archiving. There is a need to complement digital technology data collection and archiving with traditional archiving methods because of the latter's reliability and cost effectiveness.     

National Parliaments and European Integration: What We Know and Agenda for Future Research

The role of national legislatures in European integration first received serious attention in the mid-1990s in connection with debates on the EU's democratic deficit. Since then, both academics and politicians have entered a lively debate on how best to involve national parliaments in EU affairs. The purpose of this article is to examine critically the state of research on the role of national parliaments in European integration and to use that existing knowledge to suggest avenues for further research. The main argument is that through focusing almost exclusively on scrutiny of European affairs, the literature has failed to acknowledge the multiple constraints that impact on legislatures. There is a demand for more theory-driven analyses of actual behaviour that extend beyond describing formal procedures and organisational choices. Future research should also pay more attention to the strategies of political parties and to the incentives of individual MPs to become involved in European affairs.     

论中亚华裔东干文学与中国俄裔侨民文学

中亚华裔东干文学和中国俄裔侨民文学是20世纪中、俄文学交流中两种特殊的文学样态。两种文学在形成的历史时段、发展的空间分布和文学的生存环境等方面都存在可比性。两种文学都受中国文化和俄罗斯文化影响,反映了中俄文化的碰撞与交融对文学作品的影响。历史文化语境和作家写作姿态两方面的原因,导致了两种文学存在差异。比较这两种文学能发现20世纪的中、俄文学交流存在多种艺术形式。     

网络时代的翻译文学

随着网络技术的迅猛发展,人类社会正在进入一个新的时代———网络时代。网络的发展使人类社会的方方面面都发生了日新月异的变化,翻译文学也不可避免地受到了巨大的冲击。     

论网络文学对青少年成长的影响与对策

网络文学的迅猛发展已是不争的事实。应以开放、宽容、平和的文化心态去看待网络文学对青少年成长的影响。网络文学体现的游戏精神、平民立场、后现代主义色彩，适应了广大青少年网民张扬个性、解压释怀、休闲娱乐的心理需要，同时也带来了不少消极影响。对此，要注重发挥思想政治教育的价值引导和意义建构作用，做好青少年的思想教育工作。     

新时期公安文学的使命与作为

公安文学是以讴歌人民警察、塑造人民警察形象、记录公安工作历程为要务的。公安文学高扬时代主旋律，把握主基调，是社会主义核心价值体系不可缺少的部分。繁荣公安文学创作，对于凝聚警心、激励斗志、弘扬正气、树立形象、密切警民关系有着积极的推动作用。     

论南朝社会思潮与宫体诗的产生

梁朝后期出现的宫体诗,与南朝以来的新变思潮、社会流行的重色风气和梁代的好文之风密不可分.受新变思潮的影响,宫体诗在题材上大胆描写女性,并以此寄托作者的审美理想和追求.社会上流行的重色风气则对宫体诗抒情模式的形成有潜在的影响,因此宫体诗表达了一定审美规范下的程式化感情.同时梁朝兴起的好文之风,与现实政治形势息息相关,有利于文学集团的形成.此外受萧梁君主审美趣味的影响,文坛上以俗为胜,使得宫体诗具有世俗化的一面.     

形式本体论:新时期文艺的价值取向

形式本体论是新时期中国文艺从实践到理论都曾积极追求过的价值取向之一.这一文艺思潮首先表现在作家的创作实践层面,然后是文学批评家们的形式批评,最后上升为文艺理论家们的文艺形式本体理论的建构,这一思潮自有其产生的合理原因,也有其不足.