New localism or fuzzy centralism: policymakers’ perceptions of public education and involvement in education

This research examines local authority involvement in education as a function of local policymakers’ perceptions of education as a public service – namely, whether public education is for the benefit of society as a whole, or for individual students and parents. Perceptions of education and involvement in education were assessed through 107 questionnaires returned by mayors and heads of local education departments in Israel. The results show that (1) local policymakers tend to perceive public education as a general public service, and (2) the relationship between this perception and involvement in education varies with the locality’s centre-periphery status. In peripheral localities, perceiving education as a general public service and an understanding of ‘society’ as the local community leads to greater involvement in education. In central localities, involvement rose with a more individualised perception. Implications of the findings are discussed in line with viewing education in the spirit of new localism.     

Recall in Germany: explaining the use of a local democratic innovation

While recall recently has gained slightly more attention from academia, the use of recall has hardly been under systematic scrutiny. Our study tackles this research gap and seeks to answer the following question: What combinations of conditions facilitate or constrain the use of local recall (in Germany)? It provides a qualitative comparative analysis of conditions of recall use in 11 German federal states. Building on theories of democratic innovations and previous studies on recall, we develop an analytic framework systematizing the conditions we include in our empirical analysis along three dimensions: institutional design, attitudinal context, and political context. While our article focuses on Germany, our analytic framework can be applied to study recall in other countries and on other levels, allowing for more systematic comparative research. Applying fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, our article provides a comprehensive picture explaining the use of recall. It shows that political and attitudinal conditions serve as an equally important explanation for recall use as the institutional design of recall does. Our article gives new insights considering the conditions for the use of direct democratic instruments.     

社会转型期政府利益问题的制度分析

政府利益是政府通过行使公共权力而获取的利益,是政府额外追求的利益。正当的政府利益可能会促进公共利益的实现,而非正当的政府利益则可能损害公共利益的实现。我们应该正确对待政府利益问题,对于正当的利益可以通过合理界定其边界予以保障,而对于非正当利益则需要进行全方位的制度建设坚决遏制。     

Decentralization in Tanzania: An assessment of local government discretion and accountability

A large part of the decentralization literature is fragmented along political, fiscal, or administrative lines. In this article we employ a diagnostic framework to draw these dimensions together in a coherent manner to focus on analyzing local government discretion and accountability in Tanzania. Tanzania seems to have a deconcentrated local government system with central appointees having large powers at the local level. Centrally‐funded mandates—such as constructing secondary schools—dominate local government plans and budgets. Central control over administrative functions has ensured that administrative decentralization is yet to occur. In the fiscal sphere, progress has been made in transparency and harmonization of transfers in the last 5 years but local governments still have some way to go in raising own revenues, being less reliant on transfers, and ensuring downward accountability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

成年牦牛感染扩展莫尼茨绦虫的局部免疫细胞学反应

为明确扩展莫尼茨绦虫感染成年牦牛所引起的免疫细胞学反应及致病作用,对感染牛的寄生部位进行了观察与研究,并同正常成年牦牛进行了比较.结果表明,扩展莫尼茨绦虫成虫仅寄生于牦牛的小肠.寄生部位的黏膜可见少量出血点,表面附有较多黏液,散在直径2～3 mm的溃疡灶,小肠黏膜集合淋巴小结较对照组发达,数量明显增多.光镜下可见小肠黏膜出血,部分黏膜上皮坏死、脱落,局部黏膜相关淋巴组织增生明显,黏膜层嗜酸性粒细胞大量浸润,浆细胞、杯状细胞和嗜银细胞显著增生,黏膜下层血管周围肥大细胞增多.非寄生部位的组织及器官无明显病变.扫描电镜结果显示寄生部位的肠绒毛断裂或脱落,圆顶区的数量较对照组多,圆顶区滤泡相关上皮中M细胞的数量也较对照组多.研究证实,扩展莫尼茨绦虫感染可引起成年牦牛感染部位强烈的免疫细胞学反应,表明成年牦牛肠道黏膜的抗感染能力较强,故寄生虫对其致病作用较弱.     

狂犬病流行态势及其防控策略的研究进展

从狂犬病病毒的病原学特征、流行病学特征及狂犬病在我国的流行态势几方面论述了狂犬病的防控策略及研究进展,并针对其流行现状提出了完善法律法规、构建动物防疫长效机制、加强狂犬病的监测、加强犬类管理、实施免疫预防为主的防制措施等防控策略.     

色情文化与性犯罪

色情文化是性文化的消极部分,属低级下流的性文化,具有腐朽性、淫秽性、欺骗性、反文化性的特征。色情文化是诱发性犯罪的“精神艾滋病”,这既有大量事实证明,也有学理上的依据。这种文化能极大地强化人的性本能的动物化,包括强化性欲求,激发性冲动,造成性变态和提供性行为模式;弱化人的控制犯罪的文化性,包括弱化性行为评价,无视性道德控制,破坏性文化发展取向,所以,要控制性犯罪发展,必须遏制色情文化泛滥。     

论城镇社会治安防控体系基本理论问题

城镇社会治安防控体系是由县城和集镇若干社会治安防控力量和诸多防控措施手段互相联系而构成的一个有机整体。城镇社会治安防控体系有广义与狭义之分,主要包括人口、巡防等五个子系统,有战略性、整合性等四个特点。     

女性犯罪防控问题研究——以河北省女子监狱的调查为视角

随着社会经济、文化的多元化发展,女性犯罪问题凸显,更有效地预防和控制女性犯罪,是推进社会和谐的要义之一.通过实证材料的分析,从生理、心理、社会、家庭等多角度分析女性犯罪的原因,进而剖析女性犯罪的特征及其危害,提出有针对性的女性犯罪防控措施,以建立较为系统、完善的女性犯罪防控体系.     

论对法律行为中不法动机的规制

不法动机往往使法律行为具有某种社会不妥当性,对不法动机规制的德国模式更适合我国立法现状.对不法动机的判断,可以从不法动机的不同表现形式来进行分析.最后提出我国对不法动机规制的立法设想.