对西部大开发的几点思考

应该深刻领会和理解西部大开发的含义,这有助于对西部大开发战略目标、实施步骤及措施的选择。发挥优势、创造优势是西部大开发的一条基本要求。西部实现跳跃式发展,既是必要的,也是可能的。在政府宏观调控指导下,充分发挥市场机制的功能,是西部开发的必然选择。必须处理好“兴地富民”与环境保护的关系,以利于西部及全国的可持续发展。     

当代农民法律意识现状语境分析

认为当代农民法律意识现状是以淡漠为特征的判断是不准确的和不合理的,这种研究没有触及问题实质。农民法律意识淡漠表象的背后是农民通过法律的利益诉求不足,以及农民可用社会规范的多元性。农民对法律的淡漠态度,有其现实的合理性和正当性。     

School and Neighborhood Contexts,Perceptions of Racial Discrimination,and Psychological Well-being Among African American Adolescents

The present study examined contextual influences on the relationship between racial discrimination (individual, cultural, and collective/institutional) and psychological well-being. Two hundred and fifty two African American adolescents (46% male and 54% female, average age = 16) completed measures of racial discrimination, self-esteem, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Archival information regarding the racial/ethnic composition of the participants’ neighborhoods and schools was used and increased school diversity was linked to increased perceptions of cultural discrimination. Regardless of school and neighborhood diversity, high perceptions of collective/institutional discrimination were linked to lower self-esteem for students in high diversity settings. Further, high levels of collective/institutional discrimination were associated with lower life satisfaction for African American youth in low diversity settings.

School Engagement Among Urban Adolescents of Color: Does Perception of Social Support and Neighborhood Safety Really Matter?

In this study we examined the effects of risk factors (perceived neighborhood crime/delinquency problems, neighborhood incivilities) and protective factors (teacher support, family support, peer support) on the school engagement of 123 urban adolescents of color. Age and gender were also examined to determine if different ages (younger or older) or genders (male or female) significantly modified the relationship between the risk factors and school engagement. Results indicated that perceived neighborhood incivilities was uniquely predictive of school engagement. Contrary to hypotheses, different levels of the perceived social support variables did not modify the effects of risky neighborhood conditions on adolescent’s perceived school engagement. Age, but not gender, significantly modified the relationship between perceived family social support and perceived neighborhood crime on adolescents’ reported levels of school engagement. The implications of the results for prevention and intervention programs that address school engagement among early adolescents of color are considered.

Effects of university characteristics on scientists’ interactions with the private sector: an exploratory assessment

This paper estimates the effect of select university characteristics on the propensity of individual scientists to interact with private sector companies. The academic prestige of an institution has a direct negative effect on scientists’ interactions with the private sector, while the level of industrial R&D expenditures has a direct positive effect on such interactions. Institutional characteristics also moderate the effect of some individual-level variables such as tenure status, grant activity, involvement with students and disciplinary effects.      

当代城市女性家庭压力研究

传统家庭压力研究偏重压力的作用机制、家庭适应性等微观方面,且多为立基于西方制度和文化背景的一种假设.本研究从宏观脉动入手,在中国文化环境、尤其是当代城市生活时空下关注家庭压力背后的社会历史原因.研究采用质化量化分析结合的方式,对上海78个家庭进行了多次深访,并结合875个家庭的抽样调查资料,对当代城市女性家庭压力的现状和特点、两性资源及其利用状况进行了深入分析.     

学校教育情境中族群认同感的建构——内地西藏班的个案研究

本研究对某一内地西藏学校进行了个案分析,采用了日记与文件分析法、访谈法与非参与观察法.在族群认同感建构主义方法的框架下对影响藏族学生族群认同感建构的国家政策情境、学校地方社区情境与学校情境进行了剖析.研究发现学校对于学生族群认同感的建构存在两种张力:一是国家和学校通过国家意识形态的渗透而指定的学生的族群认同感,二是学生通过自身藏族文化符号的再现而声称的族群认同感.国家和学校期望藏族学生在中华民族多元一体化格局的框架下建构族群认同感,以便实现其政治与经济利益.     

语篇解读中的语境因素

语境是语篇赖以生成的环境,语篇的理解离不开语境,语境是影响语篇理解的关键因素之一。语境在语篇解读中具有解释、制约的功能,具有补充、生成功能,因此,在外语教学中应注意培养学生的语境意识和语境重构能力。     

COLLECTIVE EFFICACY,AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING AND DELINQUENCY: A LONGITUDINAL TEST OF A MODEL INTEGRATING COMMUNITY‐AND FAMILY‐LEVEL PROCESSES*

In this paper, we develop and test hypotheses on how authoritative parenting and collective efficacy combine to increase a child's risk of affiliating with deviant peers and engaging in delinquent behavior. Analyses using two waves of data from a sample of several hundred African American caregivers and their children largely supported the predictions. Over time, increases in collective efficacy within a community were associated with increases in authoritative parenting. Further, both authoritative parenting and collective efficacy served to deter affiliation with deviant peers and involvement in delinquent behavior. Finally, there was evidence of an amplification process whereby the deterrent effect of authoritative parenting on affiliation with deviant peers and delinquency was enhanced when it was administered within a community with high collective efficacy.     

外国人违法犯罪案件英语问话语篇研究——基于情景语境理论的视角

以系统功能语言学中的情景语境理论为指导,对外国人违法案件英语问话语篇进行分析,探索其语篇结构模式、语篇特征、语言特点、语篇交际双方的关系等。