“共性”还是“特性”？——组织情境下的延迟满足研究述评

组织情境下的延迟满足研究,主要关注在组织这一特定工作背景下,员工甘为更有价值的长远结果而放弃即时满足的抉择取向,以及在等待中展示的自制能力。一直以来,西方学者职业道德视角的研究与中国学者职业发展视角的研究,从概念界定到测量方法都有较大分别,而目前,这种差别并没有得到足够重视。未来对于组织情境下的延迟满足研究,应更加重视中西方研究的差别和联系、理清核心概念和结构、深入探讨研究方法,并进一步开发其管理价值。     

当前中国马克思哲学理论创新中的三个困境与问题自觉

当前中国语境中的马克思哲学的理论创新存在三个基本的困境或问题:第一个是理论创新的价值取向与哲学特质、本性之间的悖谬；第二个是理论创新的目标要求与马克思哲学的理论特质之间的分裂；第三个是马克思哲学推进的世界历史基础与中国社会现实基地之间的差异.这种困境可以归结于马克思哲学理论创新中的狭隘政治实用主义,实质反映的是普遍与特殊、长远目标与近期任务之间的关系.只有保持深度的问题自觉,中国马克思哲学的理论创新才能真正走出和摆脱这种迷茫和困境状态.     

抽象绘画意义的符号学阐释

从符号学的观点看 ,抽象绘画是一种开放性文本 ,它通过扭曲、弱化或消解对象或原型阐释来张扬表现意义。对抽象绘画的解读必须面临六种语境制约 ,它们是文本组合语境、意图语境、接受语境、施受语境、时代语境和传承语境。     

制度约束下的组织间依赖——政府官员在行业协会任职现象分析

政府官员在行业协会任职现象因行业协会的类型而异,既可能是由于行业协会在资源和合法性上对政府的依赖,也可能是由于政府在机构改革和职能转变过程中对行业协会的依赖。政府与行业协会之间这种相互依赖关系的产生有其特定的制度根源,随着制度环境的变迁,政府官员在行业协会任职现象得以存在的合法性基础正逐渐丧失。     

THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF GUIDELINES CIRCUMVENTION: THE CASE OF FEDERAL DISTRICT COURTS*

Recent scholarship on criminal punishments increasingly highlights the importance of courtroom social contexts. Combining recent data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission (FY1997–2000) with aggregate data on federal districts, the current study examines interdistrict variations in the application of downward departures from the federal sentencing guidelines. Findings indicate that substantial variation exists in the probability of both prosecutor‐initiated substantial assistance departures and judge‐initiated downward departures. This variation is accounted for, in part, by organizational court contexts, such as caseload pressures, and by environmental considerations, such as the racial composition of the district. Additional evidence suggests that individual trial penalties and race disparities are conditioned by aggregate court contexts. Drawing on interviews with federal justice personnel, this article concludes with a discussion of future directions for research on federal guidelines departures. Part of the glory of the federal system…is that you've got this one big organization, but it can be molded to different needs…
‐ An assistant U.S. attorney ‐     

试论法律英语词汇教学中的文化导入

语言和文化是相互依存的,对法律英语词汇意义的确定受文化因素的影响,脱离文化背景进行词义确定往往会造成错误理解甚至无法理解.因此,在法律英语词汇教学中应重视文化的导入,尤其是法律文化的导入;并注意导入形式的生动活泼.如融戏剧表演于教学活动是理想选择之一.     

Testing for Potential Contextual Bias Effects During the Verification Stage of the ACE‐V Methodology when Conducting Fingerprint Comparisons*

Abstract: This study was conducted to assess if fingerprint specialists could be influenced by extraneous contextual information during a verification process. Participants were separated into three groups: a control group (no contextual information was given), a low bias group (minimal contextual information was given in the form of a report prompting conclusions), and a high bias group (an internationally recognized fingerprint expert provided conclusions and case information to deceive this group into believing that it was his case and conclusions). A similar experiment was later conducted with laypersons. The results showed that fingerprint experts were influenced by contextual information during fingerprint comparisons, but not towards making errors. Instead, fingerprint experts under the biasing conditions provided significantly fewer definitive and erroneous conclusions than the control group. In contrast, the novice participants were more influenced by the bias conditions and did tend to make incorrect judgments, especially when prompted towards an incorrect response by the bias prompt.     

刑事案件现场实地勘验中博弈大局观的运用

现场勘查是侦查工作的一项重要措施,而实地勘验则是现场勘查中的一个组成部分.实地勘验中,常常对具体的痕迹、物品勘验比较重视,而现场周围的地理、环境等因素以及它们与现场的联系则往往被忽略,"博弈大局观"下的勘验就是强调重视在勘验中被忽略的这一方面.在"博弈大局观"指导下的现场勘验能较为完美地实现现场勘验的目的.     

从"法制"到"法治"的中国语境

中国的法治理论有其不同于西方的独特语境.现代中国法学的开端与政治情势紧密相关,其合法性在很大程度上取决于政治情景的变换,对政治话语的追随和演绎乃是"法治"话语表明其合理性和正当性的主要路径,它因此而难以持守学术的独立性品格.当代中国法治理论和学说得以深入开掘和成功建构的语境,从根本上说仍需要法学家独立人格和学术品格的培育与塑造.     

Registrants,Voters, and Turnout Variability Across Neighborhoods

Although political participation has received wide-ranging scholarly attention, little is known for certain about the effects of social and political context on turnout. A scattered set of analyses—well-known by both political scientists and campaign consultants—suggests that ones neighborhood has a relatively minor impact on the decision to vote. These analyses, however, typically rely upon data from a single location. Drawing on official lists of registered voters from sixteen major counties across seven states (including Florida) from the 2000 presidential election, we use geographic/mapping information and hierarchical models to obtain a more accurate picture of how neighborhood characteristics affect participation, especially among partisans. Our research shows that neighborhoods influence voting by interacting with partisan affiliation to dampen turnout among voters we might otherwise expect to participate. Most notably, we find Republican partisans in enemy territory tend to vote less than expected, even after accounting for socioeconomic status. Our findings have implications for campaign strategy, and lead us to suggest that campaign targeting efforts could be improved by an integration of aggregate- and individual-level information about voters.