论高空抛物侵权行为

随着城市建设的发展,高层建筑迅速增多,与此同时高空抛物伤人毁财．甚至致人伤残或死亡的案件越来越多,但我国目前在立法上对致害人不明的高空抛物侵权行为并朱有明确规定。高空抛物侵权行为是一种独立的侵权行为．在不能确定谁为抛掷人时,将责任主体确定为建筑物的所有人,追究众多住户的赔偿责任,在责任形式上采用按份责任更为妥当。     

保险诈骗罪特殊主体立法模式的缺陷及重构

保险犯罪日趋频繁和复杂,保险诈骗完全可能由投保人、被保险人和受益人以外的人或单位实施,现行刑法关于保险诈骗罪主体的规定范围过于狭窄,在理论和实践上均会产生一系列弊端。应摒弃特殊主体的立法模式,确立一般主体的立法模式。     

合同解除权行使的若干争议问题

合同解除权中的行使主体、行使方式、对方异议权的行使,在理论界和实务界争议较大。文章认为,合同解除权的行使主体仅限于守约方,违约方不得享有解除权;行使方式是通知解除,不需也不必诉请裁判机构解除;异议权应设定明确的行使期限,异议成立时由解除权人承担违约责任。     

新形势下政府能力开发与提升探索

随着经济全球化趋势不断增强,政府在社会经济可持续发展中的地位和作用越来越重要,政府能力已成为实现经济发展和社会进步不可或缺的资源,是国家竞争力和国家持续发展能力的重要组成部分。政府能力提升既是一个重要的理论问题,又是一个重要的现实问题。我国在建设"四位一体"的社会主义现代化国家进程中,应充分重视政府能力建设,通过深化改革开放,不断提升政府经济管理能力、社会动员能力、社会服务能力与文化倡导能力。     

Predicting Attrition From Treatment Programs for Abusive Men

Attrition in male battering treatment programs is a serious problem. To keep clients in treatment, it is crucial to understand why they drop out. The current study examined the contribution of both client and program characteristics in predicting dropout from treatment programs for abusive men. Data were collected at intake from 306 abusive men who sought treatment at four different sites. The rate of preprogram attrition (from intake to the first treatment session) was higher in the program that had a lengthy waiting list (46%) than in the other programs amp lpar3%-13%). In-program attrition was more highly related to client characteristics than program characteristics (all programs had rates between 36% and 42%). Those men who dropped out after starting treatment tended to have unstable lifestyles (e.g., substance abuse problems, criminal history, unemployment) and to have inflicted more severe abuse than those who completed treatment. Results also supported a significant interaction between verbal aptitude and structure of program; men with low verbal aptitude were the most likely to drop out of an unstructured program. Possible strategies for preventing attrition are discussed.     

Histological examination of carotid artery tissue in cases of ligature strangulation and hanging

Violence against the neck can result in a range of macromorphological and micromorphological findings. However, the forensic relevance of the carotid sinus in cases of violence against the neck remains controversial. In this follow-up study of 22 cases of suicidal and accidental strangulations, carotid bifurcations were examined histologically for morphological changes implying direct trauma, including haemorrhage and immunohistochemical expression of heat-shock proteins 27, 60, and 70 and aquaporin-3. These cases were compared with a control group (82 cases) without neck compression or head trauma and with variable causes of death. No relevant histopathological findings implying direct trauma of the carotid bifurcation were found. No cases showed positive aquaporin-3 staining and only five cases showed positive heat-shock protein-27 staining, all of which were hangings. Without massive trauma of the carotid bifurcation, histological alterations cannot be expected. Without signs of rapid death, findings of acute circulatory failure, macromorphological and micromorphological findings of neck compression, and reliable markers indicating relevant impact on the carotid bifurcation the diagnosis of a lethal reflex cannot be verified.

Key points

• Among 22 cases of strangulation causing death, there were 16 cases of hanging and 6 cases of ligature strangulation
• Few cases showed small haemorrhages located predominantly in the surrounding fat and connective tissues; however, the haemorrhages did not have any effects on the tissues
• Neck compression had minimal effects on heat shock protein 27 expression in carotid artery tissue
• Aquaporin-3 staining suggested it is not a useful marker for relevant neck pressure, or that there had not been any relevant neck impact
• Our findings suggested no direct evidence for reflex cardiac death resulting from a brief force against the neck

     

制宪权问题再思考

对制宪权问题的思考,应当从有利于我国构建合理而有效的宪政秩序的需要出发.制宪权应当具有"制定"与"修改"的双重处分权能.制宪权在性质上具有"权利"与"权力"的双层次性.在我国社会主义条件下,制宪权主体具有内在一致性.     

DNA analysis of the last Brazilian unknown soldier’s remains buried in Pistoia (Italy)

During World War II, many nations took part in the war. Among the supporters of the Alliance there was also Brazil. In August 1944, under the leadership of President Getúlio Vargas, Brazil declared war on Nazi Germany and took part in the Italian campaign by sending many troops to support the Allies in the Central Italy. Once the conflict was over, the deceased Brazilian soldiers were buried in Pistoia, a few kilometers from Florence. But only in 1960 the Brazilian government authorized the transfer of the dead soldiers to their homeland. Five years later, during the building of the Brazilian Military Votive Monument, still in the Pistoia cemetery, a last body was found but could not be identified: so he was buried as an “unknown soldier”. In December 2012, the Brazilian Embassy in Italy asked for performing forensic genetics analysis for identification purposes on the remains of this last unknown Brazilian soldier. After almost 70 years a complete short tandem repeats (STR) profile was obtained, useful for any relatives searching.Key points:

• Identification of the last Brazilian Unknown Soldier buried in Italy.
• DNA analysis on 70 years old skeletal remains.
• Brazilian soldier’s history during World War II.

     

栅格特征在打印文件检验中的应用研究

目的通过对打印文字栅格特征进行实验研究,总结其稳定性和易引起特征变化的因素,为二次添加打印和换页变造文件检验探索新的思路。方法以500个常用汉字为主要研究对象,选用不同品牌、不同型号激光打印机,设置不同分辨率或质量模式,用同一台电脑或不同台电脑安装不同驱动程序,打印中易宋体常用字不同字号的样本。通过对打印文字笔画细节特征进行比对分析,总结打印文字栅格特征的规律特点。结果打印文字存在三类栅格特征,一是横笔段厚度特征,二是竖笔段宽度特征,三是斜笔画阶梯特征。同一台打印机一次打印的文件,相同字体字号文字的栅格特征反映相同;不同打印机或同一台打印机连接不同版本操作系统的电脑,或安装不同驱动程序,或选择不同的打印分辨率,栅格特征可能发生变化。结论栅格特征在同一次打印的文件中具有稳定性,在不同硬件和软件环境下可能发生改变,可以为换页文件和二次添加打印文件检验提供新的思路。     

新中国成立以来我国国家形象建构

国家形象因其复杂、可塑和重要,它的建构已成为现代国家非常重视的课题。国家形象建构是理解、把握新中国成立以来光辉历程不可或缺的维度,因为建构稳定和向好的大国形象是中华人民共和国建国以来重要的内在关切和诉求,我们对此有自觉的认识和努力。新中国成立以来的伟大成就,极大地改变了中国各方面的客观源像,建构了诸如社会主义大国、东方大国、全球性大国等形象,总体上日渐趋好,中国国家形象建构取得很大成绩。国家形象建构和新中国建设、发展之间存在着内在的良性互动关系。也正因为如此,在分析不足的基础上探讨进一步优化国家形象的根本路径,有助于更好地推动中国特色社会主义在新时代健康前行。