西南地区汉族男性CT颅面径线与身高的关系

目的通过CT测量西南地区汉族男性颅面径线,建立该地区汉族男性颅面径线与身高的回归模型,为法医人类学研究积累数据。方法收集273例西南地区汉族男性头部CT资料,确定颅面部7条径线,运用图像后处理软件进行多平面重建和容积再现,对所选径线进行测量。对各测量指标与身高的相关性运用SPSS 21.0进行分析,建立推断身高的回归方程,并重新选取50例样本代入该数学模型进行检验。结果建立了7条径线的线性回归方程(P0.05);一元线性回归方程相关系数为0.190~0.439,标准估计误差(SEE)为4.597~5.023 cm;多元线性回归方程复相关系数为0.494~0.524,SEE为4.418~4.458 cm。回代检验得y=83.959+3.589 x_6+2.573 x_2,±1SEE准确率最高,为30%;y=72.646+3.316 x6+1.586 x_2+1.553 x_4+2.211 x_3,±2SEE准确率最高,为92%。结论本研究所选取的7条径线与身高均有明显的直线相关性,所建立的多元回归方程适用于推断西南地区汉族男性身高。     

关于身高的分析

文章以身高分析原理为基础,列举了足迹检验中身高分析的常用方法,结合办案经验对公式运用、计算结果的准确性、误差产生原因进行论述,给出身高分析方法的改进意见。     

论摩梭母系文化的变迁

受父系文化的长期浸染,摩梭母系文化系统开始向父系文化过渡,母系家庭、走访婚、摩梭男性地位等文化要素呈现出向父系文化发展的势头,但作为制约这些因素变迁的母系血缘观念依旧根深蒂固。当前摩梭母系文化变迁最恰当的理解应该是:母系文化正在艰苦地寻找能够回应父系文化冲击的新文化模式。     

WTO争端解决机制上诉复审程序述评

WTO争端解决机制是国际法领域的重要创新,其专家组程序与上诉机制比较充分的保证了争端解决机制的功能和作用,但实践中也逐渐暴露出自身存在的一些不足之处,尤其反映在是否要赋予上诉机构发回重审权,其解释的效力与报告的效力等方面,研究这些问题对未来DSU修改草案中如何完善上诉机制有重要意义,也有助于我们更好的利用争端解决机制处理缔约方之间的纠纷.     

图像降噪和增强对人脸识别系统识别性能的影响

目的研究图像降噪和图像增强方法对人脸识别系统识别性能的影响,以期为人脸识别系统应用过程中的图像处理方法选取提供理论指导和技术方案。方法收集33起人像鉴定领域实际案例中的人脸图像素材,研究以高斯滤波和小波变换为代表的图像降噪技术以及具有边缘保持和小波变换特性的单帧图像超分辨率增强技术对人脸识别系统识别性能的影响,并对不同图像处理方法对人脸识别性能的影响进行量化比较分析。结果本文研究的图像降噪技术均显著提高了人脸识别系统的识别准确性,而图像增强技术虽然提高了人脸图像显示效果,但对人脸识别系统的识别性能无正向促进作用。此外,高斯模糊图像处理的图像降噪方法虽然简单,但与本文研究的其他方法比较,其在人脸识别系统识别性能改善方面效果最显著。结论人脸图像质量对人脸识别系统的识别性能具有显著影响,可以通过图像处理技术改善人脸图像质量进而提高人脸识别系统的识别准确性。其中,图像降噪处理可以显著提高人脸识别系统的识别性能,且比图像增强技术更适合于实际人像鉴定应用中的人脸识别系统识别性能增强。     

Validation of a new method of providing case-specific time-of-death estimates using cadaver temperatures

The near ubiquitous presence of numerical simulation has made case-specific calculations of body temperatures following death possible so that accurate calculations of body temperatures can provide valuable information for estimating the time of death and can aid in forensic investigations. Here, a computational approach is described that has been validated against multiple, independent, and experimental investigations. The approach only requires one subjective input parameter (the heat transfer coefficient). A simple algorithm serves as a guidepost to the selection of this parameter. The algorithm incorporates clothing and the space in which the body is housed. Heat transfer coefficients that range from h = 2 W/m²/°C for bodies that are heavily clothed to h = 9 W/m²/°C for bodies that are nude (in air). The method also requires setting of ambient temperature conditions (ambient temperature)—however, that input is often available. The paucity of inputs makes this technique remarkably easy to employ. The new method is also able to calculate cadaver cooling rates for situations where the cadaver is in a timewise or spatially changing thermal environment (diurnal temperature variations, bodies partially submerged in water, changes to weather, insolation, etc.). Results from the present calculations are compared with a large body of measurements from the literature; it was found that the predictions and measurements were in excellent agreement, regardless of the ambient temperature conditions and the nature of the clothing of the body. This new calculation approach can be used with reasonable accuracy for determining cadaver cooling and time since death.     

Hyperspectral imaging in forensic science: An overview of major application areas

Analysis of evidence is a challenge. Crime scene materials are complex, diverse, sometimes of an unknown nature. Forensic science provides the most critical applications for their examination. Chemical tests, analytical methods, and techniques to process the evidence must be carefully selected by the forensic scientist. Ideally, it may be interpreted, analyzed, and judged in the original context of the crime scene. In this sense, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been employed as an analytical tool that maintains the integrity of the samples/objects for multiple and sequential analysis and for counter-proof exams. This paper is an overview of forensic science trends for the application of HSI techniques in the last ten years (2011–2021). The examination of documents was the main area of exploration, followed by bloodstain analysis aging process; trace analysis of explosives and gunshot residue. Chemometric tools were also addressed since they are crucial to obtain the most important information from the samples. There are great challenges in applying HSI in forensic science, but there have been clear technological and scientific advances, and a solid foundation has been built for the use of HSI in real-life cases.     

认知与翻译等值

翻译等值作为译学追求的最高目标,是现代翻译学中的核心概念之一。学者们也对此进行过多种论述。从认知语言学的角度探讨翻译等值：等值是有条件的等值,等值是在一定层次上的等值。以认知图式为理论基础,讨论了三种形式的等值。     

大鼠肾细胞DNA含量与死亡时间关系的图像分析

运用计算机图像分析技术,对大鼠死后肾细胞DNA的变化进行观测,以寻找一种客观、量化的推断早期死亡时间的标准.实验选择15只大鼠,处死后,在24小时内每隔1小时取肾组织进行细胞学涂片,福尔马林液固定,Feulgen染色,自动图象分析仪测量,所得数据进行统计学分析处理.实验结果证明大鼠的早期死亡时间与肾细胞核DNA降解速率呈线性关系,其中积分光密度、平均灰度、异形指数提示此方法有可能作为辅助手段,使死亡时间推断更为精确.     

我国改革中依法行政主体的基本类型

依法行政主体无论是在观念意义还是在法律规定上,在我国行政法制度建设中都是一个需要进一步厘清和清晰的概念。依法行政主体不是指行政法律关系中整体的权利义务主体,而仅仅指公共行政事务的承担者,从行政法治角度而言,凡承担公共行政事务的主体,都必须依法行政,都是依法行政主体。法律学上的主体无非有组织和个人两类,依法行政的主体也限于组织和个人两种。但是,那些组织和个人能够承担公共行政事务,不同的国家有不同的情况,就是相同的国家在不同的历史时期情况也是不同的。就中国而言,改革开放30年来,行政管理体制改革的任务远没完成,其中对公共行政概念、范围的理解,公共行政组织社会形态的定型,传统上全能政府向有限政府转变,管制行政向治理行政转变等等的改革成功,都是确立依法行政主体理论定型化的先决条件。