生命权、身体权、健康权的法定救助义务

生命权、身体权和健康权是自然人享有的最基本的人格权,应受到最大限度的保护。当自然人处于紧急危难状态时,负有法定紧急救助义务的组织或个人应履行紧急救助义务,否则需承担相应的法律责任。鼓励其他负有一般救助义务的主体进行紧急救助,妥善发挥好人条款的积极引导作用,对改善见死不救的不良社会风气,弘扬社会主义核心价值观必将产生积极的影响。     

电影作品相关基础概念浅析

从构成要件的角度定义,电影作品是一种通过连续的活动影像去表达某种思想的作品形式。电影类作品的创造性体现在影像的衔接上,其他视听录制品与电影作品的根本区别在于创造性表现的类型不同。据此,电影类作品的作者就是对影像衔接的创造性作出了实质性贡献的人,而制片者是发起和负责对电影作品进行首次录制的人。电影作品相关立法设计应以上述概念关系为基础进行方案选择。     

Signs and Images——Two Dimensions about the Relation between Language and Picture

With the problems of ‘the predication of literature termination’ and ‘the image times’, the relation of language and picture is the foundation to talk about the ‘picture theory of literature’. From the dimension of signs, language is real reference and picture is phantom reference. Because the signs themselves have predetermined standards as referred concept or meaning. But from the dimension of image, picture is a real presentation and language is phantom presentation, because of the image-consciousness as a perceptual intuition. The two dimensions, as sign or image, are inseparable showing the characters of language and picture and bringing in the deep integration between them.     

基于SWOT分析的警察形象重塑影响因子

警察形象是社会印象的一个分支,是公众对警察物质、警察精神、警察行为和警察制度的总体看法。通过SWOT方法对重塑警察形象的内在优劣势和外在机会与威胁进行分析,对采取针对性措施推进警察形象建设,保障公安机关融入和谐社会建设具有十分重要的意义。     

服务大局的司法:一个基于功能理论的解释

人民法院服务大局的司法实践,可以用社会人类学中的功能理论来解释。根据功能理论提供的解释路径,服务大局的司法既是对局部与整体之间相互关系的理性化表达,亦有助于促成整体之内各个部分之间的和谐运转。服务大局既反映了司法在中国履行的功能,具有鲜明的文化个性,同时也可以反映司法在其他国家所履行的功能,因而具有一定的普遍意义。最高人民法院历年所作的工作报告,作为理解人民法院服务大局的基本素材,有效地展示了人民法院服务大局的实践样态。     

负面网络涉警事件研究

近年来,负面网络涉警事件日益增多,呈现不确定性、虚拟性、炒作性、延伸性等特征,各级公安部门应汇聚各方力量,进行网络舆情监测预警;成立专门队伍,引导网络涉警事件发展;搭建警民互动平台,依法合理处理诉求;探索措施,完善反馈评估制度;注重专项培训,提高警察素质;创新英模宣传机制,提升警察公共形象。     

Contrast Enhancement of Bite Mark Images Using the Grayscale Mixer in ACR in Photoshop®

Enhanced images may improve bite mark edge definition, assisting forensic analysis. Current contrast enhancement involves color extraction, viewing layered images by channel. A novel technique, producing a single enhanced image using the grayscale mix panel within Adobe Camera Raw^®, has been developed and assessed here, allowing adjustments of multiple color channels simultaneously. Stage 1 measured RGB values in 72 versions of a color chart image; eight sliders in Photoshop^® were adjusted at 25% intervals, all corresponding colors affected. Stage 2 used a bite mark image, and found only red, orange, and yellow sliders had discernable effects. Stage 3 assessed modality preference between color, grayscale, and enhanced images; on average, the 22 survey participants chose the enhanced image as better defined for nine out of 10 bite marks. The study has shown potential benefits for this new technique. However, further research is needed before use in the analysis of bite marks.     

A Simple Computer‐assisted Quantification of Contrast in a Fingerprint

A simple method for quantification of contrast in a fingerprint is proposed. Contrast is defined as the average difference in intensity of pixels between valleys and ridges in a fingerprint. It is quantified from a scanner‐acquired image of the fingerprint using a histogram function of Adobe Photoshop. The method was validated with black inked prints and marks developed with aluminum powder. Moreover, we tested resistance of the method to rater‐dependent errors and dependence of the measurements on the resolution of an image and the model of the scanner. For both groups of fingerprints, the method gave coherent and easily interpretable quantitative values for contrast. There were no significant differences between measurements performed by different raters and by the same rater in a test–retest procedure. However, the method was found to be instrument dependent, as measurements were significantly affected by image resolution and the model of the scanner.     

The Sutherland tradition in criminology: a bibliometric story

In this article, we provide an overview of the body of knowledge associated with the Sutherland tradition in criminology. We track Sutherland’s impact through a bibliometric analysis of papers citing any of Sutherland’s works and by focusing on publications that are co-cited with Sutherland. This approach enables us to visualize Sutherland’s role in relation to the forerunners and founding fathers of criminology during his own active period, to his followers, and to contemporary scholars. The dataset consisted of 2596 genuine articles that cite at least one of Sutherland’s publications, in which he appears as first author in Web of Science ^TM published between 1955 and 2010. The results show a clear impact of the Sutherland tradition more or less throughout the twentieth century, peaking during the 1930s and 1940s and decreasing in the 1990s, when the Sutherland tradition was more powerfully challenged, primarily by the life-course tradition.     

水权概念研究

水权概念的厘清是水权制度建设与水权理论研究的前提,我国法学界对水权概念、水权客体以及水权性质等问题争议很大。水权兼具私权、公权双重属性,其客体为水体。取水权为用益物权,不同于水资源所有权与水所有权。目前,《物权法》所确定的取水权是水权最主要的形态。水权具有抽象化定义之前,枚举式的定义比较可取。