两种主张的较量与战后德国经济发展

战后德国经济是在左和右,即主张国家干预和自由经济,这两股社会和政治势力交互作用下发展起来的。前者主要由社民党体现,后者由基民盟/社民盟主张。最初这两股势力形成了有效互补,使得德国社会和经济进入高发展期,后来由于这两股势力彼此抗衡过度,失落了有效互补,社会体制失去活力,经济和社会进入发展低迷期。如今,德国经济一直挣扎在这样的发展困境中。     

通过市场机制实现政府公共管理职能问题研究——以深圳市西乡街道为例

在城市化进程中,我国各级政府面临如何更有效地提供优质的公共服务和管理的问题。2008年以来,深圳市宝安区西乡街道在辖区内探索公私合作进行城市街区公共管理的新模式,这一新举措的最大特点在于通过市场机制实现政府公共管理职能。本文拟在介绍这一改革具体过程的基础上,分析政府公共管理职能市场运行的理论合理性、实践必要性、合法性及正当性,并对其进一步完善及推广进行讨论,以期对我国城市管理机制创新提供有益的借鉴。     

Coping with the Global Economic Crisis: The Regional Political Economy of Emergency Social Shock Absorbers in Italy

This article contributes to the debate on governing the global financial crisis, focusing on the regional governance of emergency social shock absorbers in Italy. The article seeks to make two related contributions. First, it argues that subnational governments have been the main drivers of change in labour market policies. Second, it shows that state–local governance elicited a path-altering system by ‘patching up’ a hybrid administrative structure and by ‘converting’ the traditional goals of social shock absorbers from income maintenance to welfare-to-work. The article provides qualitative evidence on the changing organizational bases of the labour markets of two large Italian regions: Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna. Evidence suggests that administrative innovation and path dependence intertwined in the governance of the global economic crisis in Italy, mitigating the entrenched distortions of labour market policies.     

Analysis on the Policy Effects of Strict Inflation and Flexible Inflation in Interest Rate Liberalization

This paper analyzes the policy effects of interest rate liberalization under strict inflation targeting and flexible inflation targeting, which is based on the new theory of Keynes model and the introduction of price stickiness in the framework of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium. By building, calibrating, estimating and simulating a new Keynesian DSGE model, we analyze and compare the effect of strict inflation targeting and flexible inflation targeting in the process of the interest rate liberalization. Research results show that, first of all, the strict inflation targeting regulation makes the output volatility smaller and the inflation volatility greater in face of technology shocks. Secondly, the flexible inflation target system is more conducive to controlling output and inflation in the short period when facing monetary policy shocks. Finally, the control of the strict inflation target is less from the point of view of the loss function. In other words, the central bank's loss function under the control of the strict inflation target system is small, but the flexible inflation targeting system is more conducive to controlling output and inflation in the short period.     

Regulatory lags,liberalization, and vulnerability to banking crises

This article explores the effect of delays in updating prudential regulation on the likelihood of a country experiencing banking crises, and it disentangles the impact of different aspects of regulation on crisis onset. I argue that delays in revision to banks' prudential regulation allow banks to adopt risky behavior, which increases a country's vulnerability to systemic banking crises. This effect, however, is conditional on the level of liberalization of the financial market. At lower levels of liberalization, banks have stronger incentives to escape the constraints of regulation and to take advantage of regulatory lags. At high levels of liberalization, the effect of regulatory lags is curbed, possibly by market discipline. Statistical analyses on a sample of developed and developing countries from 1974–2005 support this argument and help rule out the competing learning hypothesis. These results suggest that the effects of institutions can vary with the passage of time.     

State Renewable Energy Governance: Policy Instruments,Markets, or Citizens

Since the 1990s, state governments in the United States have diversified policy instruments to encourage the electric power industry to deploy renewable sources for electricity generation. This study identifies the trends and variations in renewable energy (RE) policy governance among states and examines the effectiveness of policy instruments in the deployment of RE sources for electricity production. This study explores 18 state legislative, RE‐related regulations, programs, or financial incentives existing between 2001 and 2010 in 48 states in the United States. Renewable energy policies were classified into three types of policy approaches: command‐and‐control, market‐based, and information instruments. Results suggest that authoritative approaches are more likely to be effective in the governmental intervention toward a pre‐existing market, and information instruments and citizen participation became important in the power industry in the 2000s. In addition, it gives us some evidence that federal assistance under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 influenced the overall growth of the renewable electricity industry, in addition to state government–led policy designs.     

疫情之下基于健康视角的农村进城务工人员 收入回报与提升研究

提升农村进城务工人员收入一直是近年来社会工作的重点,以往研究更多聚焦于农村进城务工人员教育、技术技能等的培养,忽视了健康的基石作用。新冠肺炎疫情的暴发,使健康的重要性再次受到关注。研究分析了健康对农村进城务工人员收入回报的影响,重点关注健康对农村进城务工人员和城镇职工这两类异质性劳动者收入可能存在的影响差异。研究表明,健康对两类就业人员收入的影响力度有差异,相比城镇职工,对于农村进城务工人员而言,健康是比教育更重要的人力资本。研究建议,在疫情防控进入常态化及推进新型城镇化进程中,为提升农村进城务工人员的收入回报,有关部门不应再局限于他们的教育、技能等认知能力的提升和培养,对其健康状况应同样给予足够重视,应通过完善医疗健康等社保体系支撑进城务工人员健康水平的提升,进而改善其收入。     

中国劳动力市场发展的基本格局

在我国社会经济转型的背景下,我国劳动力需求,其增长有赖于经济增长;劳动力供给总量充裕与结构矛盾的反差,成为中国劳动力供给的显著特征;劳动力市场价格不断上升;劳动关系因制度与执行双重缺失,劳动权益缺乏保障;失业率不断上升。因此,制度构建应与执行并举,以保障劳动权益底线。     

按生产要素分配与两极分化

社会主义市场经济要求生产要素参与收益分配，其结果是在居民收入普遍提高的同时，个人收入差距进一步拉大。为了防止走向两极分化，国家在制定政策时，要注意反对两种倾向：一是把收入差距拉大与两极分化相等同，以牺牲效率为代价，重新回到平均主义的老路上去；另一种倾向是对收入差距的拉大熟视无睹，甚至忘记了共同富裕的目标，结果走入两极分化的死胡同。国家应从保护合法收入、取缔非法收入、调节过高收入等方面入手，逐步理顺分配关系，建立高效公平的分配机制