Materials and devices of the public: an introduction

Abstract

This introduction provides an overview of material- or device-centred approaches to the study of public participation, and articulates the theoretical contributions of the four papers that make up this special section. Set against the background of post-Foucauldian perspectives on the material dimensions of citizenship and engagement – perspectives that treat matter as a tacit, constituting force in the organization of collectives and are predominantly concerned with the fabrication of political subjects – we outline an approach that considers material engagement as a distinct mode of performing the public. The question, then, is how objects, devices, settings and materials acquire explicit political capacities, and how they serve to enact material participation as a specific public form. We discuss the connections between social studies of material participation and political theory, and define the contours of an empiricist approach to material publics, one that takes as its central cue that the values and criteria particular to these publics emerge as part of the process of their organization. Finally, we discuss four themes that connect the papers in this special section, namely their focus on (1) mundane technologies, (2) experimental devices and settings for material participation, (3) the dynamic of effort and comfort, and (4) the modes of containment and proliferation that characterize material publics.     

印文墨迹分布特征及材料特性在盖印时间鉴定中的应用

通常情况下一份完整的文件有抬头、内容、落款签名或印文、落款时间等多个要素组成,文件是否真实有效,取决于与该文件有关的诸多要素。在许多案件的审理过程中,文件形成的确切时间往往是当事各方主要争议的焦点,特别是文件上印章印文的盖印时间更是最为常见的提请鉴定的问题。根据鉴定实践和实验研究,对印文墨迹分布特征及材料特性在印章印文盖印时间鉴定中的应用,及在鉴定过程中应当引起注意的相关事项进行探讨,并通过实际案例予以说明。     

侵犯商业秘密罪中“重大损失”范围的基本解读

侵犯商业秘密罪作为结果犯,其“重大损失”的认定对罪与非罪具有重要意义.司法实践囿于缺乏法律的明确规定而对重大损失的范围界定模糊不清.从重大损失中“损失”界定的理论分野出发,对重大损失中物质性损失与非物质性损失、直接损失与间接损失的争端进行批判性反思,可形成对重大损失范围的清晰认识：提倡重大损失包括直接损失与间接损失具有理论合理性与实践需求的双重价值;物质性损失与非物质性损失的分类及纷争应予以消解.     

论犯罪痕迹

痕迹是揭露证实犯罪的法定证据,证据来源于犯罪现场的犯罪行为。科学地界定犯罪痕迹,努力拓展痕迹的外延,深入挖掘痕迹的内涵,充分发挥痕迹在刑事侦查中的作用,是刑事侦查工作者研究的一个永恒的主题。     

系部如何做好教材接收与发放工作的探析

结合我院系部发放教材的有益尝试,阐述了系部如何做好教材接收与发放工作,首先,做好发书前的准备工作、安排专人负责,认真核实所到教材品种及数量;其次,安排好学生以专业为单位领取教材次序,发放教材责任落实到人,做到准确有序地发放教材。系部应将教材接收与发放工作纳入科学化、系统化、规范化的轨道,以适应教育教学改革日益发展的需要,为教学提供更好的服务。     

略论“五行”学说的基本内容

"五行"学说在中国哲学史上具有相当重要的地位,但长期以来为人们所忽视,实为一大罕事。从自然界到社会政治、伦理活动,从人体结构到宗教祭祀活动,"五行"学说都无所不及,可见其范围之广,堪称中国古代一个庞大的哲学思潮。这一思潮产生很早,从春秋战国到秦汉,它已成为一种世界观的理论体系,为人们普遍运用,一切事物及其运动变化都以"五行"的作用和属性的相生相胜为基础。因此,探讨"五行"学说的基本内容,具有重要的意义。     

Single cells for forensic DNA analysis--from evidence material to test tube

Abstract: The purpose of this project was to develop a method that, while providing morphological quality control, allows single cells to be obtained from the surfaces of various evidence materials and be made available for DNA analysis in cases where only small amounts of cell material are present or where only mixed traces are found. With the SteREO Lumar.V12 stereomicroscope and UV unit from Zeiss, it was possible to detect and assess single epithelial cells on the surfaces of various objects (e.g., glass, plastic, metal). A digitally operated micromanipulator developed by aura optik was used to lift a single cell from the surface of evidence material and to transfer it to a conventional PCR tube or to an AmpliGrid^® from Advalytix. The actual lifting of the cells was performed with microglobes that acted as carriers. The microglobes were held with microtweezers and were transferred to the DNA analysis receptacles along with the adhering cells. In a next step, the PCR can be carried out in this receptacle without removing the microglobe. Our method allows a single cell to be isolated directly from evidence material and be made available for forensic DNA analysis.     

安全制度如何分化对手联盟

分化联盟是改变国家间实力对比的一种重要方式。现有研究围绕“楔子战略”这个概念系统论述了分化对手联盟的方式和机制，并提出了“奖励型楔子战略”和“强制型楔子战略”两种主要类型，两者均强调借助物质力量进行分化，可统称为“物质型楔子战略”。除此之外，由于联盟以竞争性安全理念为内核，而部分国家基于避免冲突和降低成本的考虑会在特定时期偏向合作性安全政策，因此分化国可以将差异化的合作理念作为切入点，即以“理念型楔子战略”实现对对手联盟的理念分化。理念型楔子战略旨在通过影响和改变目标国的安全理念来削弱其对联盟价值和功效的认知，从而间接促使其疏离联盟。当分化国对目标国不构成严重威胁，分化国在目标国关心的安全议题上具有较强的话语权，且目标国与部分第三方国家在该议题上持相似的政策立场时，分化国以理念型楔子战略为手段分化对手联盟。安全制度是实施理念型楔子战略的主要平台，分化国可以利用安全制度提出合作性安全倡议，或者提出解决目标国重视的安全问题的合作性方案，以此为目标国提供联盟之外的替代性安全手段，进而削弱联盟对目标国的战略价值并降低对手联盟的合作水平。苏联在冷战时期提出的欧安会倡议是实施理念型楔子战略的一次具体实践。     

中药微性状鉴定法

中药微性状鉴定法是近年新提出的一种中药材鉴定方法,通过体视显微镜、生物显微镜和袖珍显微镜等结合适合的电脑软件,观察、拍摄药材表面的细微特征信息,根据药材表面反映出的不同信息特征达到鉴别中药材的目的.该方法不同于显微鉴定法,是性状鉴定法向着微观领域的延伸.