医疗产品损害责任三论

医疗产品损害责任是《侵权责任法》第59条规定的医疗损害责任类型,关于责任分担的规则规定得不够完善,应当根据产品责任的一般规则以及侵权责任法的连带责任规则进行补充.血液属于准产品,应当适用医疗产品损害责任规则确定医疗机构的赔偿责任.消毒药剂构成医疗产品损害责任,其缺陷的判定有一定特点.     

产前畸形筛查医疗损害责任之司法鉴定20例分析

目的：研究产前畸形筛查医疗损害责任司法鉴定案件的一般规律及其医疗损害责任司法鉴定的特点,为法医学鉴定提供理论支持。方法：对20例产前畸形筛查医疗损害责任司法鉴定案例进行回顾性分析。结果：产前畸形筛查医疗损害责任司法鉴定案例逐年增多;发生纠纷的医疗机构以市（区）级为多见,发生纠纷的案件中以手足畸形和先心病多见;医疗损害责任司法鉴定的主要原因为医疗技术缺陷与医疗管理缺陷。     

Functioning and Effectiveness of Electronic Control Devices Such as the TASER® M‐ and X‐Series: A Review of the Current Literature

Abstract: Conducted electrical weapons (CEWs) such as the TASER^® M‐ and X‐series deliver short high‐voltage, low‐current energy pulses to temporarily paralyze a person by causing electrical interruption of the body’s normal energy pulses. Despite many scientific publications, which classify the health risks of an appropriate use of the TASER device as minor, there still is a continuous uncertainty about possible side effects with human application. Based on a literature search of the National Library of Medicine’s MEDLINE database’s PubMed system of current publications, the following article describes the mechanisms by which the device operates and discusses possible pathophysiological consequences. The majority of current human literature has not found evidence of clinical relevant pathophysiological effects during and after an exposure of professionally applied CEWs. However, to be able to exclude possible health risks, a medical checkup of people who have been exposed to CEWs is essential.     

防御性医疗的经济分析——兼评《侵权责任法》第63条

防御性医疗是医疗服务提供者基于"经济人"理论与预期效用理论的理性选择。风险厌恶与预期效用最大化是防御性医疗的经济学基础。医疗过失判断的不确定性及巨额的责任风险是防御性医疗的法律制度基础。信息的不对称性及供给与需求的非市场性是防御性医疗的市场基础。它是医疗过失诉讼制度在市场经济体制下不可剥离的副产品。纯粹的禁止性立法不足以制止防御性医疗。《侵权责任法》第63条很难收到预期的立法效果,建议对医疗过失诉讼制度的运用及医疗损害赔偿的额度进行合理限制。     

论我国立法和司法对法定外在标准的过度依赖——以我国医疗损害责任鉴定与诉讼实践为例

我国法中存在着在侵权法问题的判定上过度依赖"法律法规"、"行业标准"和"诊疗规范"的倾向。这些"外在"标准替代了法官对法律"内在"规则的审视和适用。行业标准替代了法律标准。比如,在医疗过失判定标准上,法官过度依赖"诊疗规范",忽视了基本法律标准——注意义务违反说和"合理医生"标准——的探寻和适用。我国法应纠正此种现象,注意对法律规则,比如医疗过失和因果关系判定规则的细心构建,以给法官具体指导。"法律法规"、"行业标准"和"诊疗规范"在侵权法中是判定过失的重要标准,但不是终局性和根本性标准。     

医疗侵权损害赔偿制度立法问题剖析——兼论医疗机构化解责任风险的途径

当前，我国司法实践中医疗侵权纠纷案件适用法律很混乱。主要原因是我国医疗侵权损害赔偿制度由多层次立法文件交叉规定，且各条款不一致。笔者认为，由国务院颁布的《医疗事故处理条例》中的医疗事故损害赔偿条款属于违宪违法的条款，应当尽快废止。而医疗侵权损害赔偿应统一适用民事基本法中的一般人身损害赔偿条款。此外，建立医疗责任保险制度是在市场经济体制中医疗机构化解责任风险的较优选择。     

论保外就医期间犯新罪的侦查羁押问题

保外就医是出于人道主义考虑，对重病犯人采取的一种特殊服刑方式，其对象一般是患疾病，难以在监狱里生活，随时有生命危险或行动不便的人。保外就医服刑犯在监狱外重新犯罪，愿数罪并罚。但在法律的执行过程中，法律法规在对此类犯罪嫌疑人开展侦查和收押方面的模糊性给该类案件的处理带来一定阻力。本文结合实例，针对保外就医犯人监外服刑期间犯新罪侦查收押实践中的疑难进行分析，力求发现问题的症结，并提出相应的对策建议．     

Technics over life: risk,ethics and the existential condition in high-tech antenatal care

The subject of this paper is the problem of selective abortion brought about by advanced techniques of foetal diagnosis. The issue of abortion today is analysed as an outcome and illustration of the emerging ‘vital politics’. The paper explores the technicality of this new form of bio-power, and the ethical practice and forms of subjectivity it imposes. Two main points are raised. First, it is argued that the implementation of state-of-the-art foetal diagnosis in clinical practice and maternity care is underlain by the rationales of control and experimentation. The ideas of risk and the dividual are introduced as the epistemic cornerstones of this practice of high-tech reproductive medicine according to the above rationales. Second, the paper argues that foetal diagnosis in antenatal care is characterised by an ethical split. This emerges when the machinery of reproductive health care withdraws into a position of technical responsibility and leaves the choice, and the ethical responsibility, concerning medical operations (selective abortion, in particular) to the pregnant woman. This suggests that high-tech biomedicine tends to individualise risks and to impose a form of ethical individuality characterised by the demand for reflexivity through personal risk assessment, producing the anxiety generated by existential responsibility.     

医疗垃圾集中焚烧技术

介绍了国内外危险废物焚烧炉概况及沈阳市医疗垃圾焚烧技术。提出了关于医疗垃圾集中式焚烧炉建设的 10个观点     

交通肇事眼损伤鉴定及其VEP检查特征分析

对 30例交通肇事眼损伤鉴定及其VEP检查结果进行回顾性分析 ,旨在探讨交通肇事眼损伤鉴定的特征 ;结果表明 :与普通伤害案件相比 ,(1)交通肇事眼损伤鉴定时合并颅脑损伤 (83% )及多颅神经损伤 (53% )的比例较高 ;导致复视及眼球运动受限 (30 % )的情况较多 ;视神经损伤 (2 0 % )及眶壁骨折 (2 0 % )的发生率较高 ;鉴定时应注重这些方面的检查。 (2 )交通肇事眼损伤鉴定当事人主诉双眼视力下降 (53% )的比例较高 ,雾视法进行伪盲试验受到限制 ,VEP检查显得更为主要。VEP检查是确证视神经损伤的良好方法 ,不同程度的视功能障碍其VEP表现为波形熄灭、波形离散、波幅降低、潜伏期延长不等。另一方面 ,交通肇事后弥漫性脑组织损伤也在眼底及VEP上有一定表现。