剖析英语构词中的隐喻现象

本文从隐语的角度分析探讨词汇的结构生成及其语义理据,揭示词的生成构建的心理基础和语义特征,其 目的在于帮助学生更好地理解词汇意义,掌握词汇的生成与引申规律,提高学生驾驭词汇的能力。     

‘Telling our Way of Life': Modes of Mediating Social Life in German and Polish Primary-School Textbooks

The events of 1989-1991 in Central and Eastern Europe brought political and economic changes to the post-Communist societies, which required them to redraw the social and psychological maps of their countries and carried with them the promise of partaking in the 'Western way of life'. The introduction of liberalised ideologies, both at the official level and in most of the freed media, also had to be translated into the countries' education systems. New textbooks that would accommodate the new social and political realities had to be written. We are interested in this article in whether and how these new realities are reflected in primary-school teaching materials. For this paper, our analysis will focus on data from two current textbooks that are used in German and Polish primary schools, respectively. We shall be focusing particularly upon those units of the book aimed at defining or describing realities. Taking into account both linguistic and visual modes of representation, we are interested in revealing the 'way of life', the lived ideologies, constructed in these textbooks.     

Research on Linguistic Metaphor Systems in Public Discourse——With a Complex Systems Theory Approach to Metaphors

As the carriers of thoughts, linguistic metaphors serve as the expressive media of cognition in public discourse, and they form an important research perspective in public discourse analysis. Currently, metaphor led public discourse analysis generally bases itself on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Such studies analyze the psychological generation of conceptual metaphors in public discourse from the perspective of bodily experience, but they do not tackle the interconnectedness and systematicity of linguistic metaphors in use. Drawing on a Complex Systems Theory (CST) approach to metaphors, this paper studies linguistic metaphors framing the BRICS in English newspapers, focusing on their systematicity in meaning making. This paper finds that in public discourse, linguistic metaphors form systematic metaphors, metaphor scenarios and metaphorical narratives in a bottom-up manner, with one leading to another, and such emergence is jointly influenced by discourse purposes, social culture, linguistic contexts, and cognitive activities. This paper concludes that the CST approach can effectively contribute to describing the systematicity of linguistic metaphors in use, and it helps to reveal the rhetorical and argumentative functions of linguistic metaphors in public discourse.     

浅论王宗炎语言学论著的隐喻特色

王宗炎的语言学论著有自己独特的风格,而他使用最多,给人印象最深的手法是隐喻辞格。他的隐喻有些是设喻新颖,不求形似求神同,有些是设喻通俗,寄托作者情怀,有些是先设喻,然后对喻体作进一步阐述等,但不论何种类型,本体和喻体在表面物理性质的差距都很大,而二者在深层上的相似点又十分机巧,耐人寻味。     

隐喻的认知视角与语境解读

隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段,更是一种重要的思维方式和认知工具。认知语言学从一个新的视角和高度来解释隐喻,为许多语言现象的理解提供了理据。从认知角度分析隐喻的本质、种类及影响其识破和理解的相关语境因素是一种有益的尝试。     

当代隐喻学巡礼：回眸与沉思——写在《我们赖以生存的隐喻》付梓40周年之际

隐喻早在2500年前便已步入东西方学术研究的视野,更在人文社科研究的历史长河当中一直备受关注。以标志隐喻研究实现认知转向的《我们赖以生存的隐喻》一书付梓40周年为历史节点,充分梳理和评价已有概念隐喻理论、概念整合理论和词汇语用理论的三套代表性文献,同时从语料库检索和神经、心理实证探索两条路径出发,将当代隐喻理论跃升为当代隐喻学,提出一个较为浑圆完整、全方位的定义。从理论构建、研究方法、模态扩展、辞格归一、话语拓宽、语际对比和语言教学等七个方面沉淀和总结该学科目前仍然存在的漏洞与弊端,并在此基础上为将来隐喻研究的持续深入发展提供参考。     

The Karoo and eco-inflections of fracking: preliminary notes on literary imagination

The awareness of the “planet in peril” has never been more acute in a South African context than today, when the imminent extraction of shale gas through the process of hydraulic fracturing (known as “fracking”) in the Karoo has gained traction in the public mind. At least two broad dimensions are involved. The first, based on the logic of petro-modernity and its profligate culture, is framed within a seductive, neoliberal narrative of industrial progress and economic development. The second is framed as outright resistance to the inevitable environmental damage caused by this petro-industrial venture. This study reflects on how literature might intervene in this bipolar debate. Alfred Jackson’s Manna in the Desert, Pauline Smith’s The Little Karoo, and Etienne van Heerden’s “Poison Karoo” employ the trope of water to stimulate an ethical vision. Materially, water is imagined in its apparent scarcity as a feature of the delicate ecosystem of the Karoo, a vast arid landscape of drudgery, where life forms compete for the limited resource. Allegorically, water signifies as safely concealed, subterranean abundance. The Karoo, possessing more than its external features account for, is a place of beauty and mystical presence where life is sustained and preserved. It is within these significations that the environmental and social repercussion of fracking is inflected. Literature can bridge the divide between the narrative of progress and the counternarrative of ecological consciousness by way of highlighting their contradictions. But it also complicates these contradictions by valorizing their ethical potentiality.     

从认知角度看隐喻和转喻的功能差异

隐喻和转喻不仅是两种修辞格,而且是人类重要的两种思维方式;同时也是人类认识客观世界的认知方式。两者在修辞、认知、语义及社会功能上都有着区别。隐喻是以事物间的相似联想为心理基础,从一个领域投射到另一个领域的认知方式,其主要功能是对事物的描述;转喻是以事物间的邻近联想为基础,在同一认知域内用突显、易感知、易记忆、易辨认的部分代替整体或整体的其他部分,或用具有完形感知的整体代替部分,其主要功能是对事物的指称。     

咏月诗比喻研究

在咏月诗中,比喻句俯拾即是。研究其类型、喻体、审美功用,我们可以看出,咏月诗比喻的类型呈现出多种式样,经过世代不息的文化积淀,喻体包含着丰富的情感和复杂的思想内容。在“言不尽意”时,诗人运用比喻“立象以尽意”,塑造了鲜明生动可感可触的艺术形象,产生出“言有尽而意无穷”的艺术效果,同时形成了含蓄的审美特征。