The canary in the data mine

The present article aims at portraying the type of profile best required to fulfil the function of a Data Protection Officer (DPO) within the EU public sector. The article proposes the idiom of the “canary in a coal mine” as best positioned to describe the multidisciplinary role of DPOs. Due to the particularity and sensitivity of their function, Data Protection Officers act as early indicators of data protection incompliance within their respective area of expertise. Only when being functionally independent, Data Protection Officers could master the role of “canaries in the data mine” thus preventing possible data protection breaches and violations.     

中国中产阶级的政治态度分析简

本文综述了当前中国中产阶级政治态度的研究成果,其结论是,从整体而言,中产阶级的政治态度不积极且体制内和体制外的中产阶级政治态度存在较大差异.在此基础上分析了当前中产阶级政治态度形成的原因,提出了培育和引导中产阶级政治态度的时策.     

中间势力与中共执政地位的确立——试从执政党执政资源的角度分析

中共执政地位的确立是建立在对其执政资源的有效整合基础之上的,在执政资源的有效整合中,如何获取中间势力的认同与信任,成为中共执政地位确立的一个不可回避的问题;本文尝试着从理论资源、历史资源、权力资源、组织资源去考察中间势力与中共执政地位确立的动态关系.     

再论《文心雕龙》"折衷"论的文化涵义--兼与高华平先生商榷

<文心雕龙>"折衷"的方法论一度成为论者关注的焦点,迄至今日,有关"折衷"的探讨依然热力不减.就目前情况来看,仅从方法论的角度来探讨似乎再难有深入的开掘.而"折衷"实等于"折中",即折于中国固有的"中"文化.以"中"的变动生成观来解读<文心雕龙>的"折衷"论而求其承载的文化涵义或许能更有效地展示中国文论的特色.     

Who represented the Israeli middle class? The crystallization of the General Zionists from 1948 to 1949

The establishment of the State of Israel was a watershed moment in the history of the General Zionists movement. The ending of the British Mandate – characterized by its responsiveness to private enterprise – symbolized the denouement of a regulatory strategy era as an exclusive modus operandi for the general organizations. The transfer of power to a participatory Jewish democracy, whereby independent institutions drew on electoral support, required that bourgeois and petit-bourgeois leaders relinquish their reservations about the political-partisan game. For the first time, they sought to gain ascendancy over a political party in the hope that it would stand up for the rights and interests of the middle class. This article will analyze the formation process of the center party and its attempt to become a significant factor in Israeli society.     

"三个代表"重要思想开创了马克思主义党建学说的新境界

“三个代表”重要思想所开创的马克思主义党建学说新境界，主要表现为在认识论原理上发展了马克思主义的理论精髓，在马克思主义发展的历史进程中，注入了新的活力，并为新时期党的建设的发展提出了新思路。     

Same- and Cross-Gender Sexual Harassment Victimization in Middle School: A Developmental-Contextual Perspective

Using a developmental-contextual framework, the present study investigated risk factors for same- and cross-gender sexual harassment victimization in 986 middle school students. Participants completed questionnaires in the fall and spring of the same school year so risk factors could be explored longitudinally. Results revealed that gender differences existed for same- and cross-gender forms of harassment. While girls reported more instances of receiving same- and cross-gender unwanted sexual attention, boys were more likely to report being victims of same-gender gender harassment. Important differences in risk factors also existed. Being bullied in the fall and feeling disconnected from school were risk factors for same-gender victimization but not for cross-gender victimization. Romantic relationship status, which was a significant risk factor for both same- and cross-gender victimization, was qualified by significant gender interactions. Results are explained through a developmental-contextual lens and implications for intervention are discussed.     

Foreign aid,debt relief and Africa's development: problems and prospects

In recent years, the Paris club granted a number of African countries, including Nigeria, debt relief. This elicited widespread celebration in the capital cities of affected countries, where it was portrayed as a veritable launch-pad to Africa's development. This paper takes a critical look at the debt relief, with emphasis on its problems and prospects for Africa's development. It is argued that while debt relief does offer some prospects for development, there is little or no evidence to suggest that such an outcome is automatic. The conditions that precipitated the debt crisis in the first instance, including an inequitable international economic order and political conditions tied to aid, are still very present in the debt relief regime. Corruption of the foreign aid regime by both internal and external actors has been compounded by the recent global economic crisis, posing further constraints on the effectiveness of foreign aid in Africa. If debt relief must yield the desired result, it has to be accompanied by a sustainable campaign to fundamentally reform the world order to make it more equitable, together with a drive for good governance that is not only democratic, but also efficient and development-oriented in Africa.     

Civil society activism and political parties in Malaysia: differences over local representation

Despite their importance to democratic consolidation, relationships between civil society activists and political parties have often been problematic following the downfall of authoritarian regimes. In challenging authoritarian rule in Malaysia, though, these forces have increased cooperation and jointly committed at the 2008 elections to local government reform. This was especially important for middle-class non-governmental organization (NGO) activists seeking a transformation in the political culture of parties. Moreover, state government victories by reformist Pakatan Rakyat (PR) coalitions included Selangor and Penang where these NGOs are concentrated. Yet while local government reform followed, NGOs and parties placed differing emphases on elections, transcending ethnic-based representation, and checks and balances on local government power. Lacking substantial social and organizational bases, NGOs were outflanked by more powerful interests inside and outside PR parties, including those aligned with ethnic-based ideologies of representation and economic development models opposed by NGOs. NGO activists also advanced various democratic and technocratic rationales for local representation, indicating a complex ideological mix underlying their reform push. The study highlights interrelated structural and ideational factors likely to more generally constrain the capacity of middle-class NGOs to play a vanguard role in democratically transforming Malaysian political culture.     

Identification of Bullies and Victims

SUMMARY

Bullying studies frequently rely on student self-report to identify bullies and victims of bullying, but research in the broader field of peer aggression makes greater use of other informants, especially peers, to identify aggressors and victims. This study compared self, peer, and teacher identification of bullies and bully victims in a sample of 416 middle school students. Overall, there was poor correspondence between self-reports and reports made by peers or teachers, but consistently better agreement between peers and teachers, in identifying both bullies and victims of bullying. Peer and teacher identification of bullies were more consistently associated with subsequent school disciplinary infractions than were self-reports. These results raise concern about reliance on student self-reports of bullying and bully victimization.