Disaggregating the Incentives of Conflict Management: An Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to develop a formal model of the arms export process that incorporates the complementary ideas of a fuzzy decision‐making goal and a fuzzy decision‐making constraint. The model is formulated as a control problem: The decision‐making actor—in this case, a hegemonic exporter—will attempt to control the evolution of its political relationship with a prospective importer by choosing, over time, a sequence of arms transfer strategies. The exporter's strategic choices will be influenced by its fuzzy goal (a fuzzy set of political relations outcomes between the two states that the exporter seeks to maximize) and its fuzzy constraint (a fuzzy set of arms options that the exporter is constrained to choose by virtue of the preferences of the importer's neighbors). The solution to the control problem is the exporter's optimal policy sequence, and this is uncovered via the dynamic programming optimization technique. The model is illustrated by the multistage decision‐making of the U.S. for Egypt in the years 1968–1971 and 1974–1977.     

Prosecutorial Discretion,Drug Case Selection,and Inequality in Federal Court

Abstract

In this article, I explore variations in prosecutors’ discretionary case selection practices by drawing on findings from a comparative field research project of drug prosecutions conducted in four federal districts. Using data from a series of in-depth interviews with legal actors in each district, I develop a typology of the kinds of drug cases brought in my sample districts, explore the logics underpinning their selection, and examine the potential impact of selection practices on racial inequality in drug caseloads. Findings elucidate the local variations in logics and practices that are nonetheless shaped by broader ideologies and structured incentives that encourage certain types of prosecutions. Prosecutorial discretion at the case selection stage also plays an important role in how cases are adjudicated, which is often closely linked to the logic underpinning the choice to file.     

专利出资评估途径的多层次选择机制研究——以现行强制评估制度的局限性为视角

专利出资评估是实现企业专利资本运营的重要环节.在评估过程中,选择怎样的评估途径,事关评估目的能否最终实现.然而,受现行专利出资强制评估模式的影响,专利出资评估的价值功效未能充分显现,直接影响到专利出资评估的推广.为此,有必要重新认识专利出资评估本质,客观评价强制评估制度价值与不足.通过借鉴域外经验,从评估途径的多层次选择与评估结果的分别认定方面着手,建立一套专利出资评估途径的多层次选择机制,以适应我国企业专利技术资本化利用需要.     

选人用人机制科学化的三个理论问题

本文在对近年来干部人事制度改革主要措施分析的基础上,提出当前推进选人用人机制科学化,必须解决三个方面的深层次理论问题：一是要认清我国公务员队伍作为执政群体的政治属性,从体现公务员队伍政治代表功能的角度,确立多样化的选人标准和选拔方式;二是要从科学配置干部任用权的角度,从提名权主体多元化的误区中摆脱出来;三是要对群众在干部选拔任用中的作用有科学定位,厘清干部选拔任用中民主的形式和限度。     

贵阳市竞争性选拔领导干部机制建设研究

2007年底市委八届四次全会作出《建设生态文明城市的决定》以来,贵阳市围绕建设生态文明城市对领导班子功能和干部队伍素质能力的新要求,不断创新机制和方法,大力建设适应生态文明城市建设需要的领导班子和干部队伍,加大竞争性选拔工作力度,在探索实践中取得较好成效。     

Political Dynasties and the Selection of Cabinet Ministers

We investigate whether politicians whose family relatives previously served in parliament and cabinet enjoy a competitive “legacy advantage” in progressing from the backbenches to cabinet. This advantage may stem from two potential mechanisms: a direct effect attributable to the informational advantages of legacies or an indirect effect that operates through greater electoral strength. We evaluate the relative contribution of each mechanism using candidate‐level data from Irish parliamentary elections and cabinets from 1944 to 2016. Our results reveal that politicians with a family history in cabinet do enjoy an advantage in cabinet selection, and that this advantage cannot be attributed simply to greater electoral popularity. 1     

新公共管理语境下的服务型警务构建

新公共管理的思想,为我国当前服务型警务的构建奠定了坚实的理论基础。新公共管理理论对构建服务型警务的理念主要有治道变革、顾客至上、成本效益和市场机制的引入。基于这些理念,对构建服务型警务指明了路径：以顾客为主体,合理拓展警察服务职能;以绩效为目标,大力增强警察服务意识;以市场为导向,全面提升警察服务质量。     

我国国有企业经营管理人才选任机制及其改进

作为国有企业发展的第一资源,经营管理人才选任模式随着企业领导体制的演变经过了多次改革。现代企业制度下,有中国特色的国有企业干部选任机制强调党管干部原则同市场化选聘机制的结合。目前,该模式存在党组织职责履行弱化、选任标准执行难、程序设计和制度建设不完善等问题。为此,需要进一步增强党管干部的责任感和紧迫感;坚持正确的用人观;进一步提高法制意识,强化制度与机制保障;规范选人用人程序设计等。     

基层导向的党政干部培养选拔链研究

近年来,中央加快干部人事制度改革的步伐,通过基层就业、一线招考、公开遴选、双向交流、加强管理考评和监督等手段,不断强化基层导向,使党政干部培养选拔链具有了更多的基层元素和时代特色。进一步规范和完善这条党政干部培养选拔链,需进一步明确链的价值取向、规范链的运行程序、优化链的运行环境、提高链的运行功效。     

Total Ion Spectra versus Segmented Total Ion Spectra as Preprocessing Tools for Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry Data

Alignment of fire debris data from GC‐MS for chemometric analysis is challenged by highly variable, uncontrolled sample and matrix composition. The total ion spectrum (TIS) obviates the need for alignment but loses all separation information. We introduce the segmented total ion spectrum (STIS), which retains the advantages of TIS while retaining some retention information. We compare the performance of STIS with TIS for the classification of casework fire debris samples. TIS and STIS achieve good model prediction accuracies of 96% and 98%, respectively. Baseline removal improved model prediction accuracies for both TIS and STIS to 97% and 99%, respectively. The importance of maintaining some chromatographic information to aid in deciphering the underlying chemistry of the results and reasons for false positive/negative results was also examined.