西方近代所有权立法的三大前提——所有权的伦理学、经济学、法哲学思考

西方近代所有权制度之确立有赖于如下三种理论假设 :人性恶假设构成所有权之伦理学基础 ,资源稀缺性理论构成所有权之经济学基础 ,理性秩序假设构成所有权之哲学基础。本文结合西方先进立法经验 ,具体分析西方近代社会所有权立法及其现代转型过程中的价值定位在于确立了私人所有权应有的历史地位及其现实整合功能 ,使所有权立法价值抉择趋于权利私法化、社会资源市场化、社会财富分配的正义性等民法理念 ,最终导致所有权立法中确立了以私人所有权为核心价值的三大基本原则 ;保护合理需求原则、资源分配与交换的正义法则、私权神圣原则     

Evaluating the impact of IMF programs: A comparison of matching and instrumental-variable estimators

We examine the impact of IMF programs on economic performance in 95 developing countries over the period 1993–2002. Three macroeconomic measures of economic performance are considered: the real per capita economic growth rate, the ratio of the fiscal surplus to GDP, and the ratio of the current account surplus to GDP. Three estimation techniques are used: censored-sample, full-sample instrumental-variable, and matching. Substantively, we find little statistical support that IMF programs contemporaneously improve real economic growth in participating countries, but stronger evidence of an improvement in economic growth in years following a program. We find that both the fiscal ratio and the current-account ratio improve contemporaneously with IMF participation relative to the counterfactual, with effects in succeeding years differing little from the impact effects. We conclude that the program-effect estimates of matching and other estimators will differ largely because of the sample included in estimation. Matching by its nature excludes country episodes associated with extreme values of the propensity score, while the instrumental-variable estimator includes those. If there is heterogeneity of performance response in extreme vs. moderate cases, the estimates differ systematically between the two techniques. JEL codes F33 · F34 · C34     

Predicting pretrial misconduct with drug tests of arrestees: Evidence from eight settings

Identifying defendants at high risk of pretrial misconduct is a major problem for the judiciary. Currently, some have argued that testing arrestees for recent drug use is one way to distinguish between those who will and those who will not commit pretrial misconduct. The research reported here questions whether the incremental predictive power resulting from drug testing always improves predictions of pretrial misconduct. Using survival analysis to study time until rearrest and a probit model to analyze the occurrence of a failure to appear, we show that urine test results have no consistent power to predict pretrial misconduct after accounting for defendant's criminal records, community ties, and other factors commonly known by the court. These results are based on our analysis of eight data sets from different locales, time periods, and age groups.     

女性个人自主性:解读离婚现象的新视角

本文通过对两个离婚个案的研究,从女性个人自主性的视角来考察在离婚的过程中不同的主体意识对离婚事件的影响。离婚事件中个体行为的差异实质上是女性个人自主性的反应,而个人自主性的程度与个体在社会结构中的位置有关。女性在家庭和社会中的双重角色在两个相反的方向上起作用:一方面,造成了她们周旋于家庭和社会的双重负担,使之成为弱势群体;而另一方面,又为个人自主性的成长提供了可选择的空间。离婚观念的不同,也和自主性有关。     

胡锦涛培养选拔年轻干部思想浅析

胡锦涛同志对做好培养选拔年轻干部工作进行了深入的研究和思考,对正确认识做好培养选拔年轻干部工作的重要性和紧迫性、正确把握年轻干部的成长特点和培养选拔的规律、加强对年轻干部的培养教育以及年轻干部的自我锻炼修养等问题进行了深刻的论述,得到了规律性的认识,构成了系统的理论体系,这一思想丰富和发展了党的干部队伍建设理论。     

公安机关执法机制探析

公安机关执法机制作为现代警务机制的核心机制,是公安机关执法理论研究的重要内容,也是各级公安机关执法实践的内源性动力。鉴于当前公安机关执法机制存在执法理念、执法程序、执法主体、执法保障等方面的问题,笔者建议,通过建立公安执法领导机制、建立公安执法运作机制、健全公安执法保障机制、建立公安执法导向机制、建立公安执法竞争激励机制等健全公安机关执法机制。     

中国发展低碳经济的生态观探讨

低碳经济已经成为当今世界经济发展的潮流所向,在环境作为公共物品的情况下,西方一些国家利用掌握的经济、技术和政治手段,推行所谓的＂生态帝国主义＂,试图牢牢把握＂绿色运动＂的掌控权。该文论述了中国有必要确定正确的生态价值观,在坚持马克思主义生态观的基础上,寻找适合本国的生态文明之路以及产业结构低碳化的最佳路径和制度安排。     

刑罚变更执行监督存在的问题及完善

对刑罚执行变更活动实行监督是法律赋予检察机关的一项重要法律监督职能,实践中,由于目标价值的缺失、立法滞后等原因,导致刑罚变更执行监督职能弱化,影响了监督效果的实现。因此,有必要深入研究制约刑罚变更执行监督有效开展的原因,构建科学、合理的刑罚变更执行监督机制,以充分发挥检察机关的法律监督职能。     

DAYLIGHT AND DARKNESS TARGETING STRATEGIES AND THE RISKS OF BEING SEEN AT RESIDENTIAL BURGLARIES*

In daylight, burglars minimized the risks of being spotted by selecting “up‐market” targets with better front cover and low occupancy that reflected the occupants' higher employment levels. After dark, townhouses with less cover were popular despite victims, fewer of whom were employed, raising more alerts. Evidence indicates consistency with routine activity theory, and target strategies appear rational, though shaped by differences in risks and offenders. Lifestyles and routine activities of victims, coupled with daylight and darkness changes, created burglary opportunities. Distinctive daylight and darkness strategies proved attractive to certain types of offenders, so that housing morphology, victims, their lifestyle, risks, rewards and burglar characteristics were distinctively aligned, providing the framework for target and area selection. Theories need to incorporate contrasts in daylight‐darkness and housing morphologies, and relate to offender diversity.