Risk Governance of the Swedish Customs Service: Negotiating Security,Efficiency, and Poor Information

During the last decade, ‘risk management’ has become the common language through which different and sometimes contradictory expectations are brokered in the Swedish customs service. Security concerns, corporate interests and managerial reforms are all phrased—or re‐phrased—as considerations of risk. These considerations are then used to direct organizational strategy and resources. The crucial moment is the operationalization of risks, which are negotiated at the policy level, all the way down through the organization. I will argue that this has happened in the Swedish customs service during the last decade. The successive operationalizations of drugs, violation of intellectual property rights and organized crime have enabled a streamlining of the organization along the policy level risks. The resulting risk governance is mainly about managing the customs as an organization. Yet it also affects the customs' use of force by changing the way border crossers are singled out for control. The traditional, informal risk assessment at the border is being replaced—or supplemented—by formal risk profiles, constructed from the booking information provided by transportation companies. As a consequence, the control selection is increasingly based on a set of impersonal indicators such as mode of payment and possible rebooking.     

人员疏散时出口及路线选择方式的研究——兼谈消防安全管理

通过问卷调查的方式,对某大型城市综合体建筑中的人员进行调查,主要调查了人员的基本情况、疏散时出口和路线选择的情况.在分析人员的疏散行为时,将出口和路线的选择分开来考虑.在此基础上,结合不同人群自身特点,对不同人群疏散时出口及路线选择的倾向进行了分析,得到不同人群在疏散时,出口及路线选择过程中存在的规律.通过对这些规律的总结和分析,能够在今后利用疏散软件对人员疏散进行数值模拟时,为人员参数设定提供一定的参考,确保疏散模拟能更好地反应真实情况.并且通过对这些规律的研究,为消防安全管理工作的进一步落实提出一些建议.     

Arrogant Posh Boys? The Social Composition of the Parliamentary Conservative Party and the Effect of Cameron's ‘A’ List

In the light of the recent controversy over Andrew Mitchell's alleged ‘pleb’ comments to police officers and Nadine Dorries’ characterisation of David Cameron and George Osborne as ‘arrogant posh boys, this article examines the social composition of the parliamentary Conservative Party. It looks at previous attempts to widen the social base of the PCP and analyses the effect of Cameron's priority or ‘A’ list of candidates on the composition of the 2010 PCP. The article asks whether the perception that the Conservatives are the party of the rich has damaged the party's electoral appeal and if so what can be done to rectify the situation.     

基本人生取向与人格理想：论苏轼与黄庭坚的内在契合

北宋熙宁、元丰年间,雄踞于思想化领域的“宋学四派”为士大夫们提供了四种可供选择或归附的精神群体。置身于这一社会背景下的黄庭坚最后选择苏轼,除了学上的追求,尚有其深刻的思想基础。崇尚隐逸、厌倦仕途的思想倾向使他与积极世且居于执政地位的荆公学派保持距离,对佛道的涵容态度又使他判然区别于以司马光为代表的温公学派,而“中刚外和”的理想人格更与二程道貌岸然的圣贤气象两异其趣。苏、黄的内在契合主要体现于出世与和世的两难处境与共闷情怀,以及调和三教、打通雅俗的思想与人格追求。     

非医学需要鉴定胎儿性别等行为犯罪化分析

我国新生人口的男女性别比例已经严重偏离了正常值,医疗保健等机构实施的非医学需要的鉴定胎儿性别等行为却愈演愈烈.这种行为是造成新生人口的男女性别比例严重失衡的最直接原因.为了有力打击这些行为,保持社会的和谐发展,我国政府相关部门建议将这些行为犯罪化,但目前还面临着诸多的困境.     

Selfish and Indoctrinated Economists?

Many people believe that economists in general are more selfish than other people and that this greater selfishness is due to economics education. This paper offers empirical evidence against this widely held belief. Using a unique data set on giving behaviour in connection with two social funds at the University of Zurich, it is shown that economics education does not make people act more selfishly. Rather, this natural experiment suggests that the particular behaviour of economists can be explained by a selection effect.JEL Classification: A13, A20, H41     

中国政治体制改革的最佳路径选择

实行“存量改革”与“增量改革”并重的政治体制改革战略,把党内民主建设作为“存量改革”的重要任务予以加强,把公民社会培育作为“增量改革”的重要内容予以推进,是我们继续积极稳妥地推进政治体制改革的最佳路径选择,也是我们透彻理解当代中国现代化模式选择艰难性的典型个案。     

道家的"无为而治"与现代科学管理

本文阐述了道家"无为而治"思想的社会内涵,并在两个方面揭示了道家"无为而治"思想在企业管理上的现代价值。第一,在行为上要求管理者"逆其自然"者有所不为,而"顺其自然"者则有所作为;第二,在竞争上要求管理者既要善于竞争,又要善于不竞争。这是一种以最小的管理行为获取最大的管理效果的高超管理艺术,在现代管理中,具有重要的指导意义。     

风险投资的制度分析

风险投资运作过程中存在委托-代理关系,存在信息不对称.信息不对称带来"逆向选择"和"道德风险"问题.从制度经济学角度考虑,设计一套行之有效的激励和约束机制能够最大限度地减少"逆向选择"和"道德风险"的发生,提高投资市场的运行效率.     

The effect of choice reversals on blindness for identification decisions

The present study examined blindness for identification decisions from target-present (TP) and target-absent (TA) lineups using a field study methodology. Eighty pedestrians were exposed to a staged theft. Subsequently, they were asked to identify the thief and the victim from separate, simultaneous six-person lineups. Their identification decision concerning the thief lineup was manipulated such that participants’ selections were exchanged with a previously unidentified lineup member (choice exchange) and lineup rejections were turned into identifications (choice reversal). Participants were 7–10 times less likely to detect choice exchanges (66.7%) compared with choice reversals (11.2%). Furthermore, identification accuracy was not a prerequisite for detection. Thus, rejections and particularly selections made from both TP and TA lineups are susceptible to choice blindness. Finally, our study implies that for blindness in eyewitness identification decisions between-category changes (i.e. choice reversals) are easier to detect than within-category changes (i.e. choice exchanges).