浙江畲族宗法制度初探

浙江畲族宗法制度独具特色,表现为畲族妇女在宗族、家庭中的地位较高,畲族家法族规以训诫为主、惩罚为辅,畲族婚姻礼仪中保留了古代婚俗的特点。它既存在着维持畲族的生存和繁衍,维护畲族团结、增强民族凝聚力,促进畲族经济发展,有利于畲族村民自治的积极作用,同时也存在着一些消极的作用。     

伪满洲国“地方自治”的虚伪性——以特别市与市制为中心的考察

为了标榜殖民统治的正当性,日本侵略者刻意鼓吹在伪满洲国实行所谓的"地方自治"。在实行的特别市和市制中,设置了"自治委员会"和"咨议会"等议决和咨询机关,为其蒙上了一层"进步"的色彩。然而当我们深入对其进行考察后发现,伪满洲国所设计的"地方自治"充满了虚伪性,它无法掩盖日本侵略者对伪满洲国统治的侵略本质。     

Emotional responsiveness in convicted fraudsters: a study on baseline activation of the anterior insula and its influence on moral decision-making

Low emotional responsiveness promotes utilitarian decision-making on moral dilemmas. Based on the assumption that fraudsters use their emotional competence to deceive their victims, their emotional responsiveness is not expected to be protective against utilitarian decision-making. The present study investigates the key role of emotional responsiveness in relation to moral decision-making in 11 imprisoned fraudsters, 10 imprisoned violent offenders, and 11 non-offenders. Participants’ neural baseline activation of bilateral anterior insula (AI) was used as an indicator for emotional responsiveness. Results indicate that fraudsters and non-offenders have a higher right AI baseline activation than violent offenders. Yet, fraudsters and violent offenders show a stronger tendency towards utilitarian decisions than non-offenders. The predictive power of AI baseline activation on moral decision-making reaches significance only for fraudsters. Results give evidence that fraudsters are highly sensitive to their emotional state of mind, which, contrary to our expectation, exerts a strong influence on their moral decisions.     

Leadership Styles,Workplace Politics and Moral Identity of Ugandan Public Procurement Staff

The study predicts the moral identity of Ugandan public procurement staff using situational factors like leadership styles, social interactions, organizational politics and personal isomorphism, largely ignored in documented empirical literature. This study builds upon previous studies which assert that much remains to be learned about moral identity. Data were collected from staff handling the public procurement function in 105 randomly selected procuring and disposing entities (PDEs). Data relating to the study constructs were collected using self-administered questionnaires and an interview guide. The study established that workplace factors singularly and/or interactively predict moral identity of procurement staff in PDEs in Uganda. These findings have both policy and managerial implications which we discuss and present in this article.     

中国优秀传统文化在社会主义核心价值体系建设中的角色扮演

建设社会主义核心价值体系,中国传统道德文化扮演着不可或缺的角色。社会主义核心价值体系的建设不能机械照搬中国传统道德文化,应充分发掘传统道德文化的价值,对传统道德文化进行正学与开新。只有这样,才能凸显传统道德文化在社会主义核心价值体系建设中的独特魅力。     

神经伦理学:检验与僭越普遍与相对主义伦理的新进路

随着神经科学研究方法的突破,伦理学研究范式诉求的高涨,神经伦理学作为伦理学与认知神经科学的重要交叉学科正在迅速兴起和逐渐成熟。它超越了传统伦理学的抽象人性论基础,突破了思辨例举论证思路,借助认知神经科学的先进技术,从脑神经生理方面寻找证据,成功解决了传统伦理学中的诸多争论,巧妙化解了传统伦理学中的诸多难题和争论。未来的神经伦理学一方面需加强神经科学家与伦理工作者之间的有效合作;另一方面要积极强化学科内"科学家-实践者"的素养训练。     

Moral judgement,cognitive distortions and empathy in incarcerated delinquent and community control adolescents

Abstract

Immature moral judgements, cognitive distortions and low empathy could contribute to criminal offending and are often targeted in interventions aimed at reducing risk of recidivism. We compared 58 delinquent 13–18-year-olds, incarcerated in youth homes in Sweden (29 males, 29 females) with 58 (29 males, 29 females) community control adolescents individually matched on age, gender, ethnicity and socio-economic position. Self-report questionnaires examined moral judgement, cognitive distortions, and empathy. Delinquent adolescents exhibited less mature moral judgements and more cognitive distortions than control adolescents. However, no association between delinquency status and self-reported empathy was found. In addition, girls reported more mature moral judgements, less cognitive distortions and more empathy than boys did. Moral judgement and empathy were positively correlated and both measures were negatively correlated with cognitive distortions. Our data support the idea that moral judgement and cognitive distortions are important treatment targets for juvenile delinquents, whereas empathy may be less meaningful to address directly.     

论著作权集体管理中的私人自治——兼评我国集体管理制度立法的谬误

在著作权集体管理制度中,保证权利人、集体管理组织与使用者的私人自治,是集体管理得以发挥其制度优势,并在交易成本问题上优于其他类似制度的前提.私人自治的贯彻,既能实现市场供求信息在权利人与集体管理组织之间及时传递,也能保证定价机制随利用方式的变化灵活调整.由于我国集体管理组织由政府主导构建,因而缺乏私人自治存在和适用的土壤,使集体管理组织在运作中引发诸多社会矛盾.只有改变公权力的干预,并通过立法将私人自治体现在集体管理制度中,才能真正实现许可效率与传播效率的协调发展.     

How to construct your sexuality according to French magazines

Gendered magazines are a major contemporary form of mediation, (re)production and organization of (hetero)sexuality. They illustrate how sexual activity and performance become the concern and responsibility of individuals who are able to invest time and resources in the construction of a sexually-skilled self. Drawing on contemporary research, the article seeks to promote a dialogue between media and communications research, analysing French media narratives on sexuality through the reading of a selection of articles from the best-selling summer magazines aimed at 18- to 25-year-old readers. The article uses a semiodiscursive analysis to understand how didactic models are made to (re)produce specific knowledge on sexuality and to ascertain that this knowledge is coded in an expertise discourse. Through the hypothesis of a didactic ambition, three didactic models are identified, and attention is here focused on the short-coming/reparative model, that simultaneously creates a dysfunction and a fix. The analysis eventually reveals that didactic models are made to organize social life by strictly dividing sexual and therefore social roles between “men” and “women”. The moral criteria called upon regulate the ideal treatment of those didactic modalities and the discourse in magazines ends up shaping sexuality as a contemporary moral economy, a problem that should be pragmatically treated through the use of a certain type of knowledge.     

Reconciliation Arguments in John Rawls’s Political Philosophy

Abstract

Recently debates about the worth of “ideal theory” have directed attention to the functions that an account of a perfectly just society can serve. One function is that of “reconciliation”: learning that a seemingly undesirable feature of the social world would exist even in the perfectly just society can show us the value that it has in the present as well. John Rawls has emphasized reconciliation as among the roles of political philosophy. For instance, Rawls claims that his theory of justice can reconcile us to the pluralism of liberal democracies. In this essay, I argue that Rawls’s political theory also can reconcile the inhabitants of liberal democratic societies to the fact that such societies may be cognitively confusing on account of their complexity. Then I contend that Rawls’s work offers valuable theoretical resources for analysing a society’s transparency or lack thereof.