当前大学生德育考评中的问题与对策研究

大学生德育考评工作一直是困扰高校学生工作干部的难题之一。对于如何破解并改进这个问题,德育考评工作者应从强化工作责任意识、加强工作理论研究和业务培训等多方面重新进行认真的审视、思考和有效探索,从而加快德育育人的科学化进程。     

刑事附带民事诉讼中的精神损害赔偿

现行法律体系中民事实体法规定了精神损害赔偿,而刑事诉讼法又否定了精神损害赔偿。司法实践中存在民事实体法与刑事程序法的不一致,适用出现不平等,不利于当事人在诉讼活动中得到公平的待遇,损害了司法公正,也有违立法的初衷。因此,我国在刑事诉讼中应当确立精神损害赔偿制度。     

The persistence of collective guilt

Abstract

This paper asks why, despite the obvious difficulties entailed, the notion of ‘collective guilt’ continues to feature in discussions of the responsibilities of one group towards another. The aim is to clarify how it is that the partial success of repeated attempts to distinguish individual from collective guilt and to confine the latter to a pre-modern moment reveals something of our present. The key contributions to this discussion made by Hannah Arendt and Karl Jaspers in relation to Nazi Germany are examined for their ambivalences in this regard, as are some recent developments in international law and politics. The suspicion is that collective guilt is a notion that modern political reason cannot embrace and yet which it cannot entirely disavow: ‘collective guilt’ and the element of fate that it implies is central to our understanding of citizenship, nationhood and political commitment. The paper thus attempts an analysis of the durability of the concept of collective guilt; it is not an evaluation of its usefulness, but an exploration of its persistence.     

当代中国立法的道德考量

在现代民主法治社会中,立法难免对性道德问题进行回应。在理解道德立法方面,我们可以从西方自由主义政治哲学的有关论述中得到启发。在论证道德立法的正当性问题上,结合美国联邦最高法院在性道德领域内的判例,我们将道德纳入立法的表现形式归纳为社会秩序、公共道德和社会环境。我国目前正处于一个道德回归和社会价值观重建的时期,立法无法避免要对性道德问题进行回应。我们一方面应当谨慎对待立法的道德化,防止立法对私人道德的过度干预;另一方面需要发扬民族传统道德,发挥公共道德对社会价值整合的力量。     

新加坡青少年公民道德教育研究及启示

重视青少年公民道德教育是新加坡社会秩序和治安环境良好的重要因素之一。新加坡通过培养青少年核心价值观、培养青少年的领导力、减少社区青少年犯罪、为社区青少年提供技能培训与注重社会实践等方式开展实务教育。这对改善我国青少年公民道德教育、创新教育途径与方法、丰富教育形式和载体、强化教育社会功能具有重要启示。     

著作人格权的兴起与衰落

现代著作权制度一般将著作权分解为著作人格权与著作财产权,并针对二者设计了不同的制度架构。通过对著作权发展路径的考察,我们可以发现著作人格权的产生与作者的觉醒以及民法上人格权的创设存在密切的关系,而在数字技术日益发展的当代社会,著作人格权正在面临前所未有的挑战与质疑。因此,深入分析著作人格权发展的内在机理和历史轨迹,有助于厘清著作人格权的性质,并藉此推断它在未来的走向以及将会对著作权制度产生的影响。     

Backing Away From Equality

Abstract

In his early work in political philosophy, Amartya Sen advanced an interesting and provocative thesis – the egalitarian thesis. This is the claim that every conception of social justice that has received support in recent times is egalitarian. This paper argues that Sen's account of capabilities and his more recent critique of transcendental justice have implications for the truth of the egalitarian thesis. It also discusses how the rejection of the egalitarian thesis bears on the larger, and more general, issue of the overall plausibility of egalitarian conceptions of social justice.     

Self-serving aspects of social cognition among adult offenders

Abstract

The different cognitive beliefs about offending exhibited by offenders are discussed. The question addressed in this paper concerns the extent to which beliefs and social knowledge about offending differentiate between different characteristic types of offending (drug abuse, theft, sexual and violent). Two hundred and ninety adult male prisoners in four Taiwanese prisons provided self-reported criminal histories. From these a crime index indicative of the proportion of offences of each type (or specialism in offending) was calculated for each offender. Offenders legitimize their own offending while they tend to regard the offences of others negatively. In this way, cognitive representations may reinforce an offender's specific pattern of criminal acts while also insulating them from pressures towards other criminal activities. Evidence is presented that offenders' social knowledge development is consolidated around crime themes.     

The relationship between psychopathy and moral development in young sex offenders

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between psychopathic traits and moral development (moral judgement and empathy) in 85 Dutch male sex offenders between 13 and 23 years of age. Questions were asked about general life situations, sexual situations with morally relevant features, and questions about the offender's own abuse victim. A weak negative association was found between psychopathy and mature moral judgement, but only when questions involved the offender's own abuse victim. Weak to moderate negative associations were found between psychopathy and cognitive and affective empathy in general and sexual situations, but not in the own abuse victim situations. Further analysis revealed moderate negative associations between psychopathy and affective empathy in the own abuse victim situations, but only when an unfamiliar victim was involved. This is the first study, to our knowledge, showing that juvenile sex offenders with high levels of psychopathy have context-specific moral deficits, and that in this group both cognitive and affective empathy are related to psychopathy.     

The Image

Abstract

The concept of ‘the image’ can be given historical, conceptual, aesthetic and moral specifications. This essay sets out some of the scholarly issues in the dense semantic field of ‘the image’. In particular, the essay considers how the meaning of the image is often determined in relation to the opposition between sensible form and intelligible idea. Specific attention is given to Kantian aesthetics, which inaugurates a specific way of understanding the sensible form as a mode of processing moral ideas.