The Unscientific Determinants of Voting on a Controversial Scientific Issue: An Evaluation of Biofuels Policy in the U.S. Congress

Whether allegiance to party or the preferences of constituents are most important in an elected representative's voting decision has been a long‐running question in political science. This study contributes to this debate through an evaluation of biofuels policy in the U.S. Congress. Results indicate that in this policy area the House and Senate balance these influences differently, with partisanship playing a significant role in the House but not in the Senate. Analysis of voting on this issue indicates that there are important distinctions between how a legislator views the overall partisan preferences of constituents in their district or state versus how they view the interests of particular groups of constituents; when the concentration of agricultural interests in a legislator's district or state is great enough, it can override the effects of party for this issue, which suggests that legislators are especially concerned with specific constituency groups in their district or state that would stand to gain or lose from a policy. The proposition that a legislator is most likely to do that which benefits him or her most regardless of the available science relevant to a policy is a useful starting point for understanding what has been found in this research project.     

University Technology Transfer and Manufacturing Innovation: The Case of Italy

This article analyzes the influence of universities on Italian firms' probability to innovate. Using firm‐level data, we focus on institutionalized technology transfer (TT) activities in universities, namely spin‐offs, patents, and research contracts. Results show that TT activities play a significant role in the probability to innovate by Italian manufacturing firms located in the same province as the university. Nevertheless, the effect is not uniform: the contribution of university TT activities to the probability of firms' innovating is concentrated in certain territorial areas (North‐East and Center) and sectors (science based and scale intensive) and among firms that are large.     

试论社会管理创新的法治理念引导[1]

如果没有正确理念的引导,那么良好的社会管理制度会形同虚设,再好的管理举措也毫无价值。本文探讨了引导社会管理创新的法治理念：宪法（法律）至上是社会管理创新法治化的前提性理念,尊重和保障人权是其根本性理念,限制政府社会管理权力的任意行使是其关键性理念,民主参与是其基础性理念,公平正义是其价值追求。只有坚持正确的法治理念引导,新时期的社会管理创新才能走上法治化的坦途。     

韩国新的犯罪被害人保护制度及其启示——以实质性保护犯罪被害人为视角

韩国近年来通过制定《犯罪被害人保护法》、《犯罪被害人保护基金法》以及修订的《刑事诉讼法》等法律,构建了内容较为完善的犯罪被害人保护制度。韩国改革犯罪被害人保护制度,是以保障实体性利益为中心而进行的。以介绍韩国新的犯罪被害人保护制度为媒介,对我国相关法律制度中存在的问题提出改善建议。     

国家赔偿之精神损害赔偿制度研究

精神损害赔偿制度作为国家赔偿制度的重要组成部分,其完善程度直接影响该制度的实际运行效果。修订后的国家赔偿法,对精神损害赔偿的规定较为原则,缺乏配套精神损害赔偿的法律制度,国家精神损害赔偿制度在适用中面临诸多困境,亟需予以完善。     

民营经济良性发展的着眼点在于城市管理的创新

近年来,我国民营经济得到了长足发展,但城市管理明显滞后,阻碍了民营企业的快速发展。其原因在于城市管理者的观念落后,职能转变不到位,政策不够完善,社会化服务体系不能满足民营经济发展的需要,民营企业自身素质不高等等。因此,以城市管理的创新来推动民营经济的良性发展是最佳选择。     

农村基层治理机制的创新实践与启示——基于浙江仙居横溪镇村干部"创业积分制"的调研

农村基层组织是党的工作和战斗力的基础。在新形势下,如何在总结各地实践经验的基础上,进一步完善符合中国国情的农村基层治理机制显得尤为迫切。而浙江仙居横溪镇的村干部创业积分制,就是在乡镇党委政府主导下,充分发挥农民主体参与动力以实现村两委(干部)主动创业的互动参与式乡村治理运行机制的构建。在多年的实践中,实现了乡镇党委政府赢信任、村两委(干部)创业绩、村民得实惠的多赢格局,发展了农村经济,维护了农村社会稳定。因此,这种植根于乡土社会的实践探索,无疑可以为中国乡村善治之路的理论资源和政治智慧的积累提供经验借鉴和实践样本。     

农村社会管理体制机制创新研究

农村社会管理体制机制创新是全社会加强和创新社会管理的重要基础支撑,是当前农村经济发展、社会和谐以及民主政治建设的必然要求。因此,在新形势下加强农村社会管理体制机制创新,要以深化改革为契机、以促进和谐为目的,具体而言,体制创新是关键,机制创新是重点,法治化是保障,只有这样,才能切实掌握农村社会管理领域的实际情况,才能解决农村社会管理领域存在的具体问题。     

强化学习促进创新——对民族地区创建学习型政府的几点建议

"民族地区要发展,政府能力须提高".加快民族地区经济、社会的全面发展,必须不断提高公务员的综合素质,建设一支高素质的公务员队伍.因此,创建学习型政府并打造一支在政治上过硬、业务上精湛的公务员队伍,从而走出一条在"在学习中创新,在创新中学习"的具有民族特色的发展之路是实现民族地区经济社会跨越式发展的重要途径.     

公安机关在社会管理创新中的职能作用

公安机关在社会管理创新中担负着重要的职能,明确其中管理职能的基础性作用,服务职能的核心性作用,监管职能的关键性作用,对推动社会管理创新工作具有重要意义。